3,352 research outputs found
Using Administrative Big Data to Solve Problems in Social Science and Policy Research
This article describes an explosion in the availability of individual-level public administrative data in the United States and worldwide. These datasets can be used as stand-alone resources or linked across different sources. These new resources will facilitate transformative research on social, demographic, and economic changes, policy evaluation, and other experimental analyses. We discuss the current status of administrative big data in the United States, their potential to advance social science and policy studies, and advantages and challenges for using these data in practice. We showcase a few ongoing large-scale U.S. administrative data initiatives and hope to spark future parallel endeavors in other countries
Large QCD at non-zero chemical potential
The general issue of large QCD at nonzero chemical potential is
considered with a focus on understanding the difference between large QCD
with an isospin chemical potential and large QCD with a baryon chemical
potential. A simple diagrammatic analysis analogous to `t Hooft's analysis at
implies that the free energy with a given baryon chemical potential is
equal to the free energy with an isospin chemical potential of the same value
plus corrections. Phenomenologically, these two systems behave quite
differently. A scenario to explain this difference in light of the diagrammatic
analysis is explored. This scenario is based on a phase transition associated
with pion condensation when the isospin chemical potential exceeds ;
associated with this transition there is breakdown of the expansion--in
the pion condensed phase there is a distinct expansion including a
larger set of diagrams. While this scenario is natural, there are a number of
theoretical issues which at least superficially challenge it. Most of these can
be accommodated. However, the behavior of quenched QCD which raises a number of
apparently analogous issues cannot be easily understood completely in terms of
an analogous scenario. Thus, the overall issue remains open
On the existence of finite-energy lumps in classic field theories
We show how the existence of non-trivial finite-energy time-dependent
classical lumps is restricted by a generalized virial theorem. For simple model
Lagrangians, bounds on energies follow.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; substantial change
The Skyrmion strikes back: baryons and a new large limit
In the large limit of QCD, baryons can be modeled as solitons, for
instance, as Skyrmions. This modeling has been justified by Witten's
demonstration that all properties of baryons and mesons scale with
in the same way as the analogous meson-based soliton model scales with a
generic meson-meson coupling constant . An alternative large limit
(the orientifold large limit) has recently been proposed in which quarks
transform in the two-index antisymmetric representation of . By
carrying out the analog of Witten's analysis for the new orientifold large
limit, we show that baryons and solitons can also be identified in the
orientifold large limit. However, in the orientifold large limit,
the interaction amplitudes and matrix elements scale with in the
same way as soliton models scale with the generic meson coupling constant
rather than as as in the traditional large limit.Comment: 10 pages, 26 figure
Gauged Fermionic Q-balls
We present a new model for a non-topological soliton (NTS) that contains
interacting fermions, scalar particles and a gauge field. Using a variational
approach, we estimate the energy of the localized configuration, showing that
it can be the lowest energy state of the system for a wide range of parameters.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; revised version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Effective degrees of freedom during the radiation era
We update the curves of the effective degrees of freedom for the energy
density and for the entropy density during the era of
radiation domination in the Universe. We find that a plain count of effective
degrees of freedom sets an upper limit to the temperature of the quark-hadron
transition at MeV for the energy density and MeV for the
entropy density.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
Circadian rhythms of feeding, oviposition, and emergence of the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Circadian rhythm of feeding, oviposition, and emergence of boll weevil adults were determined at five different photophases (24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 hours) and a constant 27°C temperature, 65% RH in the laboratory. Squares from Petri dishes, where they were exposed to boll weevil females, were removed and examined for feeding and oviposition punctures every 4 hours during daylight (0700–1900 h) and every 12 h at night (1900–0700 h) over eight consecutive days. Cohorts of randomly selected egg-punctured squares were sampled from ovipositing females at 0700, 1100, 1500, and 1900 during 24 hours and under different photophase treatments, and maintained in Petri dishes at 27 ± 1°C, 65% RH. Dishes were observed twice daily (1900 and 0700 h) for adults emerging at day or night. Circadian rhythm of oviposition was not affected by the length of the photophase. The boll weevil has round-the-clock circadian rhythm of oviposition, with a daytime preference. We observed that 82.4%-86.0% of the boll weevil eggs were deposited between 0700 and 1900 h, and 14.0%-17.6% between 1900 and 0700 h during a 24-h period. Feeding of boll weevil females in photoperiods 24: 0 h (complete light) and 0: 24 h (complete darkness) did not significantly change between 0700–1900 h versus 1900–0700 h, while the daily cycle of light and darkness in other photoperiods significantly increased the feeding punctures from 0700–1900 compared with 1900–0700 h. The circadian rhythm of emergence depended significantly on the time of oviposition and the length of the photophase. Investigation of boll weevil circadian rhythm provides a better understanding of boll weevil ecology and reveals potential weak links for improving control technologies targeting their reproductive strategies
Reproductive Potential of Overwintering, F1, and F2 Female Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas
The feeding and oviposition activity of overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), and seasonal fluctuations in development, survival, and reproduction of progeny of overwintering and first- and second-generation boll weevil females were determined in the laboratory at 27°C, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. During the cotton-free period in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, female boll weevils without access to cotton resorb their unlaid eggs and enter reproductive diapause. However, when they were provided daily with greenhouse-grown cotton squares, commencement of oviposition began after 7, 15, or 20 d, depending on when they were captured. Females captured later in the winter fed longer before laying eggs than those captured in the early fall, suggesting that it may take females longer to terminate diapause the longer they have been dormant. The rate of feeding by females was significantly less during the winter months, and this may have affected the rate of diet-mediated termination of dormancy. Females of the first and second generations after the overwintering generation produced a significantly higher percentage of progeny surviving to adulthood and a higher proportion of these progeny were females. Offspring development time from overwintering female parents was significantly longer than that from first and second generations under the same laboratory conditions. The total number of lifetime eggs produced by females of the second generation during the cotton-growing season were ≈9.9-fold higher than for overwintering females and 1.5-fold higher than for first-generation females. Life table calculations indicated that the population of second-generation boll weevils increased an average of 1.5-fold higher each generation than for females of the first generation and 22.6-fold higher than for overwintering females. Our data showed variation in boll weevil survival, development, and reproductive potential among the overwintering and first- and second-generation females, suggesting inherent seasonal fluctuations in these parameters
Gravitational Waves in Open de Sitter Space
We compute the spectrum of primordial gravitational wave perturbations in
open de Sitter spacetime. The background spacetime is taken to be the
continuation of an O(5) symmetric instanton saddle point of the Euclidean no
boundary path integral. The two-point tensor fluctuations are computed directly
from the Euclidean path integral. The Euclidean correlator is then analytically
continued into the Lorentzian region where it describes the quantum mechanical
vacuum fluctuations of the graviton field. Unlike the results of earlier work,
the correlator is shown to be unique and well behaved in the infrared. We show
that the infrared divergence found in previous calculations is due to the
contribution of a discrete gauge mode inadvertently included in the spectrum.Comment: 17 pages, compressed and RevTex file, including one postscript figure
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The Environmental Influence on the Evolution of Local Galaxies
The results of an Halpha photometric survey of 30 dwarf galaxies of various
morphologies in the Centaurus A and Sculptor groups are presented. Of these 30,
emission was detected in 13: eight are of late-type, two are early-type and
three are of mixed-morphology. The typical flux detection limit of 2e-16 erg
s-1 cm-2, translates into a Star Formation Rate (SFR) detection limit of 4e-6
M_sol yr-1 . In the light of these results, the morphology-density relation is
reexamined: It is shown that, despite a number of unaccounted parameters, there
are significant correlations between the factors determining the morphological
type of a galaxy and its environment. Dwarf galaxies in high density regions
have lower current SFR and lower neutral gas content than their low density
counterparts, confirming earlier results from the Local Group and other denser
environments. The effect of environment is also seen in the timescale formed
from the ratio of blue luminosity to current SFR - dwarfs in higher density
environments have larger values, indicating relatively higher past average SFR.
The influence of environment extends very far and no dwarfs from our sample can
be identified as 'field' objects.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, accepted in A
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