14 research outputs found
Participant demographics and physical characteristics.
<p>Participant demographics and physical characteristics.</p
Average values of F<sub>E</sub>NO<sub>50</sub> on both control and experimental days.
<p>Error bars indicate standard error.</p
Raw values of F<sub>E</sub>NO<sub>50</sub> on control and experimental days for extended protocol.
<p>Dashed black lines indicate water control day and solid grey lines indicates experimental day.</p
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychological measurements over time.
<p>Cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychological measurements over time.</p
Means ± standard deviations of respiration-uncorrected and respiration-corrected RSA indices, respiration measures, and HR for Still-Face Test episodes.
<p><i>Note:</i> HR = heart rate; V<sub>T</sub> = tidal volume; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; T<sub>TOT</sub> = total respiratory cycle time; HR = heart rate; RSA/V<sub>T</sub> = RSA normalized by V<sub>T</sub>; c = adjusted for T<sub>TOT</sub>; logRSA = logarithm(RSA+1); logRSA/V<sub>T</sub> = logarithm(RSA/V<sub>T</sub>)+1.</p
Individual trajectories of RSA uncorrected and corrected for respiration (both tidal volume and respiration rate) across the three episodes of the first Still-Face Test (n = 23).
<p>Individual trajectories of RSA uncorrected and corrected for respiration (both tidal volume and respiration rate) across the three episodes of the first Still-Face Test (n = 23).</p
Overall ANOVA time effects (df = 4,66 or 2,44) for changes in physiological parameters across Still-Face Tests and paired t-tests (df = 15 or 22) testing changes from Play to Still-Face episodes 1 and 2.
<p><i>Note</i>: P = Play episode; SF1 = Still-Face episode 1; SF2 = Still-Face episode 2; T<sub>TOT</sub> = total respiratory cycle time; V<sub>T</sub> = tidal volume; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; logRSA/V<sub>T</sub>c = logarithm of RSA normalized by V<sub>T</sub> (logarithm(RSA/V<sub>T</sub>)+1), adjusted for T<sub>TOT</sub>; HR = heart rate.</p>†<p><i>p</i>-level of both <i>t</i>-tests for each index are Bonferroni-adjusted in this subgroup.</p
ANOVA time effects (<i>df</i> = 4,60 or 2,44) and paired <i>t</i>-tests (<i>df</i> = 15 or 22) measuring reduction in additional respiration-uncorrected and corrected RSA indices during Still-Face Test 1 and 2.
<p><i>Note:</i> V<sub>T</sub> = tidal volume; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; T<sub>TOT</sub> = total respiratory cycle time; HR = heart rate; RSA/V<sub>T</sub> = RSA normalized by V<sub>T</sub>; c = adjusted for total respiratory cycle time; logRSA = logarithm(RSA+1); logRSA/V<sub>T</sub> = logarithm(RSA/V<sub>T</sub>)+1.</p><p><i>p</i>-level of both tests Bonferroni-adjusted for all indices.</p
Percentages of breaths too short to allow extraction of two inter-beat intervals for peak-valley RSA calculation in infants.
<p><i>Note:</i> RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; Frequencies across episodes (as % of analyzed breaths) and ANOVA time effects for infants with one Still-Face Test (<i>n</i> = 23, <i>df</i> = 2,44) and two Still-Face Tests (<i>n</i> = 16, <i>df</i> = 4,60).</p>†<p><i>p</i><.10.</p
RSA, respiration, and heart rate across Still-Face Test episodes controlled for physical activity: Linear mixed model overall <i>F</i> tests (<i>df</i> = 2 or 4, 50.0 to 67.7), time-varying covariate activity effect <i>F</i>-tests (<i>df</i> = 1, 25.7 to 77.8) and <i>t</i>-tests (<i>df</i> = 52.4 to 77.7) testing changes from Play to Still-Face episode 1 and 2.
<p><i>Note:</i> V<sub>T</sub> = tidal volume; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; T<sub>TOT</sub> = total respiratory cycle time; HR = heart rate; RSA/V<sub>T</sub> = RSA normalized by V<sub>T</sub>; c = adjusted.</p><p>for total respiratory cycle time; logRSA = logarithm(RSA+1); logRSA/V<sub>T</sub> = logarithm(RSA/V<sub>T</sub>)+1.</p