ROC analysis of pGSN and APACHE III.

<p>Receiver operating curves of pGSN levels (solid line) and APACHE III scores (dotted line) identifying 28-day mortality in septic patients are generated. Area under curve is 0.86 for pGSN (95% confidence interval of 0.68–1.05, p = 0.011), and 0.81 for APACHE III (95% confidence interval of 0.60–1.02, p = 0.03. A pGSN level cutoff of <113.6 mg/L yields a 66.7% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity with a likelihood ratio of 10.</p

Degree of pGSN depletion is associated with sepsis mortality.

<p>A. Septic patients had lower pGSN levels compared to normal controls (p = 0.01). B. Septic patients who survived at 28 day of admission had significantly higher pGSN levels than those who did not survive (p = 0.004). C. Albumin levels did not differ between survivors and non-survivors.</p

Patient demographics and clinical information.

<p>Patient demographics and clinical information.</p

Schematic of the density-based tests to identify SCD.

<p>Both versions of the SCD-AMPS are designed to separate dense red blood cells present in SCD from whole blood. Blood passes through the phases—top (T) and bottom (B) for SCD-AMPS-2 and top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) for SCD-AMPS-3—upon centrifugation. If sickled cells are present, they collect at the interface between the bottom phase and the seal (<i>B/S</i>), and provide a visual readout for the presence of SCD. In SCD-AMPS-3, the additional phase allows the discrimination of Hb SS from Hb SC by evaluating the distribution of red cells at the upper interfaces (between the top and middle phases (<i>T/M</i>) and the middle and bottom phases (<i>M/B</i>).</p

Tabulation of Results of SCD-AMPS Tests Compared to Reference Test Results by Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.

<p>*Samples found to have>50% Hb S but non-zero levels of Hb A, potentially a result of Hb S with β-thalassemia or a transfused Hb SS subject.</p><p>Tabulation of Results of SCD-AMPS Tests Compared to Reference Test Results by Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.</p

The sensitivity and specificity of SCD-AMPS as a function of the amount of time between collecting samples and running tests.

<p>The specificity shows a decline over each 24 hour increment, with a significant decline over 48 hours (p-value <0.0005). The sensitivity increased between the first and second time interval, but then decreased between the second and third interval (p-values <0.01). The sample size used for each time interval is provided below each bar.</p

Basic Characteristics of the Study Population.

<p>Basic Characteristics of the Study Population.</p

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Study.

<p>Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Study.</p

Equipment for the SCD-AMPS rapid test.

<p>All the equipment necessary to run the rapid test in a rural clinic fits inside a backpack and were evaluated at rural health centers in Zambia.</p