Average Charlson Index scores among men and women by birth cohort^*.

<p>*: Score was calculated per 1 July 2007. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders were measured as “lifetime” exposure (95% CI).</p

Incidence rate ratios of 19 somatic chronic diseases among patients with schizophrenia.

<p>Follow-up 1995–2007. Solid vertical line crossing at 1.0 is the reference including all persons never admitted to psychiatric hospital.</p

Number of cases and incidence rates per 1000 person-years under risk for four subgroups of the cohort of the 19 chronic diseases included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index [18].

<p>Number of cases and incidence rates per 1000 person-years under risk for four subgroups of the cohort of the 19 chronic diseases included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024597#pone.0024597-Sundararajan1" target="_blank">[18]</a>.</p

Incidence rate ratios of the 19 chronic somatic diseases among patients with bipolar disorder.

<p>Follow-up 1995–2007. Solid vertical line crossing at 1.0 is the reference including all persons never admitted to psychiatric hospital.</p

Ten-Year Mortality after a Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Women with Severe Mental Illness: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether higher mortality after breast cancer contributes to the life-expectancy gap of 15 years in women with severe mental illness (SMI).</p><p>Methods</p><p>We estimated all-cause mortality rate ratios (MRRs) of women with SMI, women with breast cancer and women with both disorders compared to women with neither disorder using data from nationwide registers in Denmark for 1980–2012.</p><p>Results</p><p>The cohort included 2.7 million women, hereof 31,421 women with SMI (12,852 deaths), 104,342 with breast cancer (52,732 deaths), and 1,106 with SMI and breast cancer (656 deaths). Compared to women with neither disorder, the mortality was 118% higher for women with SMI (MRR: 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.14–2.22), 144% higher for women with breast cancer (MRR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.42–2.47) and 327% higher for women with SMI and breast cancer (MRR: 4.27, 95% CI: 3.98–4.57). Among women with both disorders, 15% of deaths could be attributed to interaction. In a sub-cohort of women with breast cancer, the ten-year all-cause-mortality was 59% higher after taking tumor stage into account (MRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.47–1.72) for women with versus without SMI.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The mortality among women with SMI and breast cancer was markedly increased. More information is needed to determine which factors might explain this excess mortality, such as differences between women with and without SMI in access to diagnostics, provision of care for breast cancer or physical comorbidity, health-seeking-behavior, and adherence to treatment.</p></div

Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of schizophrenia in offspring to parents with cancer, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, Denmark, 1978-2011.

<p>¹ Cancer in the buccal cavity, esophagus, pancreas, larynx, kidney and bladder.</p

Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of schizophrenia and child psychiatric disorders according to the temporal associations to a parental cancer diagnosis, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, Denmark, 1978-2011.

<p>Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of schizophrenia and child psychiatric disorders according to the temporal associations to a parental cancer diagnosis, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, Denmark, 1978-2011.</p

Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of child psychiatric disorders in offspring to parents with cancer, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, Denmark, 1978-2011.

<p>¹ Cancer in the buccal cavity, esophagus, pancreas, larynx, kidney and bladder.</p

Characteristics of the population-based cohorts with schizophrenia and child psychiatric disorders in Denmark, 1978-2011.

<p>Characteristics of the population-based cohorts with schizophrenia and child psychiatric disorders in Denmark, 1978-2011.</p

Incidence rate ratios (IRR) subdivided by type of ICD-10 child psychiatric disorders in offspring to parents with lung cancer, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, Denmark, 1994-2011.

<p>Incidence rate ratios (IRR) subdivided by type of ICD-10 child psychiatric disorders in offspring to parents with lung cancer, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, Denmark, 1994-2011.</p