Detransformed mean daily landings by <i>G. tachinoides</i>, <i>G. palpalis gambiensis</i> and <i>G. morsitans submorsitans</i> on biconical and monoconical traps and on targets.

<p><b>bic</b> biconical trap, <b>mon</b> monoconical trap. The catch index is the proportion of the mean daily landings on the best device per row: n/s not significant (P>0.05) following ANOVA.</p

Detransformed mean daily catches of <i>G. tachinoides</i> and <i>G. palpalis gambiensis</i> on the blue and black portions of targets with and without adhesive film, expressed as a proportion of unmodified targets (catch index).

<p>Catches on all targets were monitored with electric grids (see text).</p><p>Asterisks indicate that the indices are significantly different from unity:</p><p>**P≤0.01,</p><p>***P≤0.001 following Tukey post hoc test.</p

Daily catch rates of <i>G. tachinoides</i> (top), <i>G. palpalis gambiensis</i> (middle) and <i>G. morsitans submorsitans</i> (bottom) by traps and a target.

<p>The target and the cloth portions of traps were covered with adhesive film to compare the propensity of flies to land on these different devices. Catch rates of such traps were separated into fly catches on the cloth part and those trapped in the cage of the trap. Biconical and monoconical traps not treated with the adhesive film were included as controls. The limits of the boxes indicate the twenty-fifth and seventy-fifth percentiles; the solid line in the box is the median; the capped bars indicate the tenth and the ninetieth percentiles, and data points outside these limits are plotted as circles.</p

Efficiency of biconical and monoconical traps for <i>G. tachinoides</i>, <i>G. palpalis gambiensis</i> and <i>G. morsitans submorsitans</i> calculated from detransformed mean daily catches.

<p><b>bic</b> biconical trap, <b>mon</b> monoconical trap. The catch in the trap without adhesive film are the flies caught in cage of unaltered traps. The catch in the trap with adhesive film are the flies caught on the adhesive film and in the cage.</p

Detransformed mean daily catches of <i>G. tachinoides</i>, <i>G. palpalis gambiensis</i>, and <i>G. morsitans submorsitans</i> with unbaited and POCA-baited trapping devices made of different blue fabrics.

<p>Means followed by the same letter within columns are not significantly different (ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test, P = 0.05). See text for details on blue fabrics and POCA bait.</p

Detransformed mean daily catches of <i>G. tachinoides</i> and <i>G. palpalis gambiensis</i> on targets with and without adhesive film, expressed as a proportion of unmodified targets (catch index).

<p>Catches on all targets were monitored with electric grids (see text).</p><p>Asterisks indicate that the indices are significantly different from unity:</p><p>**P≤0.01,</p><p>***P≤0.001 following Tukey post hoc test.</p

Trapping devices used in experiments and their surface areas.

#<p>Only the lower 60 cm of the Tanzanian targets was covered with adhesive film.</p>**<p>Referred to in the text as local target (standard phthalogen blue cotton).</p

Catches^* of <i>G. swynnertoni</i> with unbaited and POCA-baited trapping devices made of different blue materials.

*<p>Detransformed mean daily catches. ANOVA indicates significant differences between treatments within each column; means followed by different letters are significantly different (Tukey post hoc test, P<0.05).</p

Catches^* and catch indices^** for <i>G. swynnertoni</i> normalized to an equal area for each device.

*<p>Detransformed mean daily catches.</p>**<p>Catch indices are relative to the performance of a conventional blue-black cloth targets (left column).</p><p><b>STD</b> Standard phthalogen blue cotton.</p><p><b>TURQ</b> Turquoise blue viscose/polyester.</p

Blue cotton target with adhesive film and adjoining adhesive film target in Serengeti tsetse habitat.

<p>Blue cotton target with adhesive film and adjoining adhesive film target in Serengeti tsetse habitat.</p