Relative increases in brain activity associated with personal familiarity.

<p>All activations are significant at p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons at the cluster level (with a height threshold of p<0.001, uncorrected at the voxel level). For each region of activation, the coordinates of the maximally activated voxels within the activation cluster are given in standard stereotactic MNI space. FF: familiar faces, UF: unfamiliar faces, FP: familiar places, UP: unfamiliar places; # indicates that this activation maximum is part of the same cluster.</p

Demographic and neurocognitive characteristics.

1<p>age-adjusted z-values unless otherwise indicated.</p>2<p>effect size measure (Cohen's d).</p><p>BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test; WMS-R: Wechsler Memory Scale – Revised; FAS: Controlled Oral Word Association Test, letters F,A,S; AAT: Aachen Aphasia Test.</p

Within-group effect of personal familiarity irrespective of stimulus type.

<p>The figure shows brain areas with relative increase in neural activity for both subject groups when perceiving familiar>unfamiliar stimulus content irrespective of stimulus type. The local maxima are superimposed on a rendered standard single subject brain provided by SPM5. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0020030#pone-0020030-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a> for exact coordinates. R = right, L = left, A = anterior, P = posterior.</p

Interaction between age and familiarity.

<p>The figure shows an area (anterior cingulate cortex, −3, 39, 3) in which the young but not the elderly subjects showed reduced neural activity for unfamiliar versus familiar stimuli irrespective of stimulus type. Signal change at the local maximum is statistically significant at the voxel level (Psvc<0.05) in a ROI analysis based on the coordinates by <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015790#pone.0015790-Sugiura3" target="_blank">[29]</a>. The local maximum is superimposed on a sagittal single subject brain section provided by SPM5. The histogram displays percentage BOLD signal change for the local maximum as a function of the experimental conditions (mean and 90% confidence interval). YF = young familiar, YU = young unfamiliar, EF = elderly familiar, EU = elderly unfamiliar.</p

fMRI paradigm.

<p>This figure visualizes one experimental run of the fMRI paradigm. Three of these runs, each lasting 352 s, were performed. The order of the four conditions (FF, UF, FP, UP) was counterbalanced across the runs. Each block (35 s) of a condition consisted of a visual stimulus presented from five different angles (S1-5), a familiarity question (Q), and a response (“thank you”, R). FF = familiar face, UF = unfamiliar face, FP = familiar place, UP = unfamiliar place, B = baseline (fixation cross, 9 s).</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

<p>MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; WMS-R,</p><p>Wechsler Memory Scale – Revised; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test;</p><p>*p<0.05, 2-tailed.</p

Relative increases in brain activity associated with personal familiarity.

<p>All activations are significant at p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons at the cluster level (with a height threshold of p<0.001, uncorrected at the voxel level).</p><p>* = p_SVC<0.05 in a hypothesis-driven region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. For each region of activation, the coordinates of the maximally activated voxels within the activation cluster are given in standard stereotactic MNI space. FF: familiar faces, UF: unfamiliar faces, FP: familiar places, UP: unfamiliar places;</p><p># indicates that this activation maximum is part of the same cluster.</p

Results from olfactory function tests.

*<p>two-tailed.</p

Smaller volumes of subcortical structures in ALL-subjects compared to controls as revealed by FIRST analysis.

*<p>two-tailed.</p>*<p>P<0.05 two-tailed.</p

Demographics of ALL-survivors and non-exposed, healthy controls (N/A = non applicable, SD = standard deviation).

<p>Demographics of ALL-survivors and non-exposed, healthy controls (N/A = non applicable, SD = standard deviation).</p