The new heliospheric magnetic field: Observational implications

A summary of the new model of the heliospheric magnetic field and its observational implications is presented. We first introduce a global model for the steady-state configuration in the low corona and discuss solar and heliospheric implications of the resulting field configuration. Finally, we compare the effects of this model with random transport of field-lines due to reconnection on the solar surface and to the dynamic turbulent transport of magnetic field-lines. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87723/2/87_1.pd

The transition from slow to fast solar wind: Charge state composition and electron observations

The charge state composition is a very sensitive measure for the electron properties at around 2 solar radii heliocentric distance. Even though the basic principle of the charge-state freeze-in process is rather well understood, it is not clear how the non-thermal properties of the electron distribution functions influence the frozen-in charge states. The obvious question to ask, then, is whether in situ electrons exhibit the same temporal variations as the charge state composition. Using SWICS/ACE and 3DP/WIND data, we find that the core electrons are dominated by local effects like compression and have no memory of their coronal origin. Supra-thermal electrons, on the other hand, show a clear correlation with the charge state data. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87725/2/495_1.pd

Work in Hypoxic Conditions-Consensus Statement of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA MedCom)

Objectives: The Commission gives recommendations on how to provide health and safety for employees in different kinds of low oxygen atmospheres. So far, no recommendations exist that take into account the several factors we have outlined in this report. Methods: The health and safety recommendations of several countries were analysed for their strength and deficiencies. The scientific literature was checked (Medline, etc.) and evaluated for relevance of the topic. Typical situations of work in hypoxia were defined and their specific risks described. Specific recommendations are provided for any of these situations. Results: We defined four main groups with some subgroups (main risk in brackets): short exposure (pressure change), limited exposure (acute altitude disease), expatriates (chronic altitude disease), and high-altitude populations (re-entry pulmonary oedema). For healthy unacclimatized persons, an acute but limited exposure down to 13% O2 does not cause a health risk. Employees should be advised to leave hypoxic areas for any break, if possible. Detailed advice is given for any other situation and pre-existing diseases. Conclusions: If the specific risk of the respective type of hypoxia is taken into account, a pragmatic approach to provide health and safety for employees is possible. In contrast to other occupational exposures, a repeated exposure as often as possible is of benefit as it causes partial acclimatization. The consensus statement was approved by written consent in lieu of a meeting in July 200

On the bulk isotopic composition of magnesium and silicon during the May 1998 CME: ACE/SWIMS

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95217/1/grl11855.pd

The Transition Between Fast and Slow Solar Wind from Composition Data

The transition between coronal hole associated fast solar wind and slow solar wind is studied using data from the high resolution mass spectrometer SWICS on ACE. We discuss the data in the framework of a recent theory about the global heliospheric magnetic field and conclude that the data are consistent with magnetic connections between field-lines in the fast and in the slow wind.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43792/1/11214_2004_Article_234059.pd

Simultaneous high Fe charge state measurements by solar energetic particle and solar wind instruments

During the May 2–3, 1998 CME event, iron charge state distributions were observed on the ACE spacecraft simultaneously in both solar energetic particles and the solar wind. Surprisingly, common signatures were found, even though the energy of these two particle populations differ by about two orders of magnitude. At the beginning of the event a substantial shift towards higher charge states (Q ≥ 14)(Q⩾14) was detected for Fe nearly simultaneously in solar energetic particles by SEPICA, and in the solar wind by SWICS. The onset in the solar wind was somewhat more gradual, beginning approximately two hours before the rather sudden onset in the solar energetic particles. The high iron charge states coincided approximately with the magnetic cloud associated with the CME. Later, during the cloud passage, periods of high and unusually low, iron ionization states were observed in the solar wind. Just after the passage of the cloud, iron with high charge states again appeared in both energetic particles and the solar wind. Transport and acceleration scenarios will be discussed as possible explanations of this unusual event. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87339/2/139_1.pd

Polar coronal holes during the past solar cycle: Ulysses observations

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95040/1/jgra20853.pd