The pro-poorness, growth and inequality nexus: Some findings from a simulation study

A widely accepted criterion for pro-poorness of an income growth pattern is that it should reduce a (chosen) measure of poverty by more than if all incomes were growing equiproportionately. Inequality reduction is not generally seen as either necessary or sufficient for pro-poorness. As shown in Lambert (2010), in order to conduct nuanced investigation of the pro-poorness, growth and inequality nexus, one needs at least a 3-parameter model of the income distribution. In this paper, we explore in detail the properties of inequality reduction and pro-poorness, using the Watts poverty index and Gini inequality index, when income growth takes place within each of the following models: the displaced lognormal, Singh-Maddala and Dagum distributions. We show by simulation, using empirically relevant parameter estimates, that distributional change preserving the form of each of these income distributions is, in the main, either pro-poor and inequality reducing, or pro-rich and inequality exacerbating. Instances of pro-rich and inequality reducing change do occur, but we find no evidence that distributional change could be both pro-poor and inequality exacerbating.poverty, growth, pro-poorness, income distribution.

Generation of functionalized aryl and heteroaryl aluminum reagents by halogen-lithium exchange

Various functionalized aryl and heteroaryl aluminum reagents were obtained by performing I-Li or Br-Li exchange reactions with the corresponding unsaturated organic halides in the presence of i-Bu2AlCl. By means of an appropriate catalyst, the resulting new aluminum species were directly acylated, allylated or arylated. 1,4-Michael additions to enones have also been achieved

Who’s the Favourite? – A Bivariate Poisson Model for the UEFA European Football Championship 2016

Many approaches that analyze and predict the results of soccer matches are based on two independent pairwise Poisson distributions. The dependence between the scores of two competing teams is simply displayed by the inclusion of the covariate information of both teams. One objective of this article is to analyze if this type of modeling is appropriate or if an additional explicit modeling of the dependence structure for the joint score of a soccer match needs to be taken into account. Therefore, a specific bivariate Poisson model for the two numbers of goals scored by national teams competing in UEFA European football championship matches is fitted to all matches from the three previous European championships, including covariate information of both competing teams. A boosting approach is then used to select the relevant covariates. Based on the estimates, the current tournament is simulated 1,000,000 times to obtain winning probabilities for all participating national teams

Who’s the Favourite? – A Bivariate Poisson Model for the UEFA European Football Championship 2016

Many approaches that analyze and predict the results of soccer matches are based on two independent pairwise Poisson distributions. The dependence between the scores of two competing teams is simply displayed by the inclusion of the covariate information of both teams. One objective of this article is to analyze if this type of modeling is appropriate or if an additional explicit modeling of the dependence structure for the joint score of a soccer match needs to be taken into account. Therefore, a specific bivariate Poisson model for the two numbers of goals scored by national teams competing in UEFA European football championship matches is fitted to all matches from the three previous European championships, including covariate information of both competing teams. A boosting approach is then used to select the relevant covariates. Based on the estimates, the current tournament is simulated 1,000,000 times to obtain winning probabilities for all participating national teams

Performance Testing of a Vapor Injection Scroll Compressor with R407C

Current studies indicate that the method of economized vapor injection (EVI) increases both cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of vapor compression systems and enlarges the operating range of compressors by reducing the discharge temperature. The design and analysis of EVI systems require comprehensive and comparable performance data of the compressor. In this work, a thermodynamic model was developed to simulate the potential benefit of EVI systems. Furthermore, the performance of a vapor injection (VI) scroll compressor has been experimentally investigated using a modified compressor calorimeter and the refrigerant mixture R407C. During the experiments, the injection flow was regulated by controlling the injection superheat. The experimental results confirm the predicted tendencies of the EVI model. The investigation also reveals that the injection pressure affects the VI compressor performance and needs to be included in the compressor performance evaluation