FGF-21 mRNA are increased in muscle from subjects with HIV-lipodystrophy and correlates to several measurement of insulin resistance.

<p>(A) Fasting plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 are increased 2-fold in HIV subjects with lipodystrophy compared to healthy men; (B) mRNA expression of FGF-21 are increased 8-fold in muscle biopsies from HIV subjects with lipodystrophy compared to healthy men; (C–F) Plots of FGF-21 mRNA in muscle versus several measurements of insulin resistance: FGF-21 mRNA in muscle are positively correlated to fasting insulin (C), HOMA-IR (D), Area under the curve for insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (E), Area under the curve for C-peptide during an oral glucose tolerance test (F), and negatively correlated to the incremental rate of disappearance of glucose (G), and fractionel velocity of glycogen synthesis (H) in healthy (◊) and HIV subjects with lipodystrophy (•). In the dot plots data for each subjects are given and the line represent means. * P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 for healthy vs HIV-lipodystrophy patients. For plots, linear regression lines, correlations coefficient, and significance levels are given for all subjects.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients and healthy controls.

<p>Data are presented as mean (SD).</p>†<p>Delta, differences between clamp and basal values. HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, Rate of appearance and disappearance, Rate of appearance and disappearance of glucose during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp performed in both HIV patients and healthy controls.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05;</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01;</p>***<p><i>P</i><0.001,</p>****<p><i>P</i><0.0001 by <i>t</i>-test.</p