Appendix A. Model-selection results for the effects of age and year on juvenile survival.

Model-selection results for the effects of age and year on juvenile survival

Appendix B. Model-selection results for the effects of candidate variables on annual variation in juvenile survival.

Model-selection results for the effects of candidate variables on annual variation in juvenile survival

Distribution of Potential Yellow-billed Cuckoo Habitat.

<p>Hectares of potential Yellow-billed Cuckoo habitat from north to south in 5 km increments along the (A) Sacramento and (B) Feather rivers, CA with city names as reference points.</p

Study Area and Potential Yellow-billed Cuckoo Habitat.

<p>Study area (shaded) for Yellow-billed Cuckoo surveys along the Sacramento and Feather rivers along with potential habitat (green). Inset 1 shows study area in context of the breeding range (black) of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo in the western USA [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125198#pone.0125198.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>]. Inset 2 illustrates an example section of the study area with the potential habitat (green).</p

Proportion of taxa in habitat groupings that were on the full nominated list (hollow circles) compared with the proportion (of those on the full list) that were classified as climate vulnerable (solid circles).

<p>Groups for which the distance between the two circles is larger are ones that had a higher proportional vulnerability from climate change. Habitat classification follows Shuford and Gardali (2008): Marine (nearshore, offshore, and pelagic waters), Wetlands (tidal flats, tidal marsh, freshwater marsh, wet meadows, vernal pools, flooded agricultural fields, and riverine, lacustrine, and estuarine waters), Riparian forest and woodland, Coniferous forest, Mixed Forest (evergreen hardwood forest), Oak woodland and oak savanna, Desert woodland (Joshua tree, fan palm, Mohave yucca, ocotillo, and pinyon-juniper), Scrub habitats (chaparral, coastal scrub, desert scrub, and sagebrush scrub), and Grassland (native grassland, pastureland, grass-like crops, weedy fields, and sparsely-vegetated cultivated fields).</p

Migratory chronology of Golden-crowned Sparrow tagged in the winter/spring 2010 and recovered in fall/winter of 2010–11.

<p>The posterior mean estimate for the latitude of four Golden-Crowned Sparrows as a function of time. Dates indicate our estimates of the duration of spring and fall migration; the letters in each panel identify the four individual birds.</p

Total climate change vulnerability scores for 358 bird taxa in California; those taxa with scores <30 are currently unprioritized, ≥30 and <40 are low priority, ≥40 and <45 are of moderate priority, and ≥40 are high priority.

<p>Total climate change vulnerability scores for 358 bird taxa in California; those taxa with scores <30 are currently unprioritized, ≥30 and <40 are low priority, ≥40 and <45 are of moderate priority, and ≥40 are high priority.</p

Current Status of Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo along the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, California

<div><p>To evaluate the current status of the western population of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo (<i>Coccyzus americanus</i>) along the Sacramento and Feather rivers in California’s Sacramento Valley, we conducted extensive call playback surveys in 2012 and 2013. We also quantified the amount and distribution of potential habitat. Our survey transects were randomly located and spatially balanced to sample representative areas of the potential habitat. We estimated that the total area of potential habitat was 8,134 ha along the Sacramento River and 2,052 ha along the Feather River, for a total of 10,186 ha. Large-scale restoration efforts have created potential habitat along both of these rivers. Despite this increase in the amount of habitat, the number of cuckoos we detected was extremely low. There were 8 detection occasions in 2012 and 10 occasions in 2013 on the Sacramento River, in both restored and remnant habitat. We had no detections on the Feather River in either year. We compared our results to 10 historic studies from as far back as 1972 and found that the Yellow-billed Cuckoo had unprecedentedly low numbers in 2010, 2012, and 2013. The current limiting factor for the Yellow-billed Cuckoo in the Sacramento Valley is likely not the amount of appropriate vegetation, as restoration has created more habitat over the last 30 years. Reasons for the cuckoo decline on the Sacramento and Feather rivers are unclear.</p></div

Matrix that integrates the California Bird Species of Special Concern ranks with the climate change vulnerability assessment ranks to generate three levels of priority that represent new Bird Species of Special Concern ranks that include the threat of climate change.

<p>Matrix that integrates the California Bird Species of Special Concern ranks with the climate change vulnerability assessment ranks to generate three levels of priority that represent new Bird Species of Special Concern ranks that include the threat of climate change.</p

Proportion of taxa in each avian order that were on the full nominated list (hollow circles) compared with the proportion (of those on the full list) that were classified as climate vulnerable (solid circles).

<p>Orders for which the distance between the two circles is larger are ones that had a higher proportional vulnerability from climate change.</p