Comparison of the average OTU relative abundance of AMF associated with the <i>Collinsia sparsiflora</i> ecotype populations in the field versus in a common garden.

<p><i>C. sparsiflora</i> ecotypes populations (S1, S2, NS1, and NS3) were grown in a) the field (Schechter and Bruns (2008) or grown in b) a common garden of mixed serpentine and non-serpentine AMF in the greenhouse.</p

Relative abundance matrix of AM fungal taxa associated with serpentine and non-serpentine ecotypes of <i>Collinsia sparsiflora</i> growing in a common garden of serpentine and non-serpentine AM fungi.

<p>Note: S1 plants growing in non-serpentine-only control grew poorly and resulted in insufficient root tissue mass for downstream molecular identification of AMF associates. Italicized OTUs show ecotype effects. Bold type OTUs are discussed in text.</p>a<p>Operational taxonomic unit,</p>b<p>serpentine ecotype populations,</p>c<p>non-serpentine ecotype populations.</p

Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination of AMF assemblages associated with ecotype populations (S1, S2, NS1, and NS3) of <i>Collinsia sparsiflora</i> grown in a common garden of serpentine and non-serpentine AMF (each point represents AMF assemblage from a pooled sample of two seedling replicates), serpentine soil control or non-serpentine soil control AMF (each data point represents AMF assemblage from a pooled sample of four seedling replicates).

<p>The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination is a configuration of the samples in which relative positions are assigned based on the Bray–Curtis similarity matrix of the data so that samples closer together have a higher similarity of component taxa than samples farther apart and overlapping samples are highly similar. The nonmetric scale of the ordination does not assign values to the axes. Note: S1 plants growing in non-serpentine-only control grew poorly and resulted in insufficient root tissue mass for downstream molecular identification of AMF associates.</p

Boxplots showing ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal diversity recovered from 48 individual ingrowth bags collected around six isolated <i>Pinus muricata</i> trees of two different ages.

<p>a) More EM OTUs in inner compared to outer circle (<i>P</i> < 0.05). b) More EM OTUs associated with old trees (<i>P</i> < 0.05). c) NMDS ordination based on OTUs presence/absence; each point represents an individual ingrowth bag, open squares are ingrowth bags from old trees, and closed squares are bags from young trees (stress = 0.1).</p

Boxplots showing non-ectomycorrhizal (non-EM) fungal diversity recovered from 160 pooled ingrowth bags collected around 20 isolated <i>Pinus muricata</i> trees of two different ages.

<p>a) More non-EM OTUs were found in outer than inner circles (<i>P</i> < 0.05). b) and c) NMDS ordination based on OTUs presence/absence; each point represents a set of four pooled ingrowth bags; open circles represent ingrowth bags from inner circles, closed circles outer circles, open squares old trees, and closed squares bags from young trees (stress = 0.27).</p

Comparison of individual versus physically pooled samples from six trees using NMDS ordination based on OTUs presence/absence (Stress = 0.25).

<p>Full circles and respective bars represent the centroids and two standard deviations of the fungal community recovered by individual bags from inner circles. The open symbols are the correspondent physically pooled sample. Each color indicates an individual tree. Individual and pooled ingrowth bags tend to recover different fungal communities, as pooled samples fall more often than not outside the two standard deviations of communities found in individual bags. This figure shows only the comparison of samples for inner circles. All other comparisons produced similar results and are not shown.</p

Appendix A. Abundance of species observed in the study.

Abundance of species observed in the study

Appendix B. Photographs showing an example of one of the split-root experiment microcosms.

Photographs showing an example of one of the split-root experiment microcosms

Appendix A. An explanation of the sample size used to assess individual species EM colonization in the two-species treatment of the first experiment.

An explanation of the sample size used to assess individual species EM colonization in the two-species treatment of the first experiment

Visual representation of the fungal composition on different surface types in residences using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on the Morisita-Horn (abundance-based) index.

<p>The composition of fungi cluster by surface type, with drains showing higher variation across samples than skin and sills (NMDS stress = 0.13).</p