A multi-photon magneto-optical trap

We demonstrate a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) configuration which employs optical forces due to light scattering between electronically excited states of the atom. With the standard MOT laser beams propagating along the {\it x}- and {\it y}- directions, the laser beams along the {\it z}-direction are at a different wavelength that couples two sets of {\it excited} states. We demonstrate efficient cooling and trapping of cesium atoms in a vapor cell and sub-Doppler cooling on both the red and blue sides of the two-photon resonance. The technique demonstrated in this work may have applications in background-free detection of trapped atoms, and in assisting laser-cooling and trapping of certain atomic species that require cooling lasers at inconvenient wavelengths.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Magnetoelasticity of Fe–Si single crystals

The tetragonal magnetostriction constant, (3/2)λ100, of Fe–Si single crystals was measured and was found to be structure dependent. Similar to that of Fe–Ge single crystals, (3/2)λ100 is positive in the single phase A2 regime, becomes negative in the single phase D03 regime, and changes from positive to negative between the two regimes. Short-range order in the A2 regime decreases the magnetostriction prior to the onset of long range order. In the single phase regions of both A2 and D03, thermal history does not show any obvious effect on the magnetostriction, contrary to that found for Fe–Ga alloys. However, in the regions of phase mixture involving A2, B2, and D03 phases, quenching pushes the change in magnetostriction from positive to negative to higher Si contents

Finite-volume Hamiltonian method for coupled channel interactions in lattice QCD

Within a multi-channel formulation of $\pi\pi$ scattering, we investigate the use of the finite-volume Hamiltonian approach to resolve scattering observables from lattice QCD spectra. The asymptotic matching of the well-known L\"uscher formalism encodes a unique finite-volume spectrum. Nevertheless, in many practical situations, such as coupled-channel systems, it is advantageous to interpolate isolated lattice spectra in order to extract physical scattering parameters. Here we study the use of the Hamiltonian framework as a parameterisation that can be fit directly to lattice spectra. We find that with a modest amount of lattice data, the scattering parameters can be reproduced rather well, with only a minor degree of model dependence.Comment: 25 pages, 16 figure

Temperature dependence of the magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe100−xAlx (x = 14.1,16.6,21.5,26.3) and Fe50Co50

In this paper, we report magnetostriction measurements, (λ100) on Fe-rich Fe–Al alloys and Fe50Co50 as functions of temperature from 77 K to room temperature (RT). From these measurements and elastic constant (c′) measurements, the tetragonal magnetoelastic coupling constants (b1’s) were calculated. Significant differences were found between our RT measurements and earlier magnetostriction measurements for the higher Al concentration alloys (16.6%, 21.5%, 26.3% Al) and the Fe50Co50 alloy. Reminiscent of the temperature dependence of λ100 for pure Fe, magnetostriction changes with temperature are minimal for Fe–Al alloys having the disordered bcc (A2)structure (x\u3c19% Al). In contrast, the alloy possessing the ordered (D03) structure shows an anomalous decrease in magnetostriction in λ100 with decreasing temperature. For the Fe–Al alloy system, the magnetoelastic coupling constant, ∣b1∣, exhibits a peak at room temperature maximizing at 16.6% Al with a value of 12.3 MJ/m3. For Fe50Co50, ∣b1∣ was calculated to be ∼ 34 MJ/m3 at room temperature

Raman modes of the deformed single-wall carbon nanotubes

With the empirical bond polarizability model, the nonresonant Raman spectra of the chiral and achiral single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under uniaxial and torsional strains have been systematically studied by \textit{ab initio} method. It is found that both the frequencies and the intensities of the low-frequency Raman active modes almost do not change in the deformed nanotubes, while their high-frequency part shifts obviously. Especially, the high-frequency part shifts linearly with the uniaxial tensile strain, and two kinds of different shift slopes are found for any kind of SWCNTs. More interestingly, new Raman peaks are found in the nonresonant Raman spectra under torsional strain, which are explained by a) the symmetry breaking and b) the effect of bond rotation and the anisotropy of the polarizability induced by bond stretching

Magnetostriction of iron-germanium single crystals

The addition of nonmagnetic Ga into body-centered cubic Fe enhances the magnetostriction constant λ100 over tenfold. Literature reports for substitution of Ge at low concentrations suggest that the addition of Ge also enhances the magnetostriction. In this work, the magnetostriction and microstructure of Fe–Ge were investigated to correlate magnetostriction with microstructure. The magnetostriction of Fe100−xGexsingle crystals with x between 0.05 and 0.18 varies with Ge concentration and correlates with phase changes. The value of (3/2)λ100 increases with Ge additions in the A2 single phase region (up to x ∼ 10), reaching a maximum of 94 ppm at the solubility limit of the disordered A2 phase. Further increases in Ge in the A2+D03 two-phase region (12\u3cx\u3c16)result in a decrease in magnetostriction which changes from positive to negative. For Ge contents with x\u3e16, magnetostriction remains negative with an absolute value of strain of129 ppm at 18 at. % Ge. This behavior is similar to that observed for Fe–Si alloys

Structural Analysis of Test Flight Vehicles with Multifunctional Energy Storage

Under the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) Convergent Aeronautical Solutions (CAS) project, NASA Glenn Research Center has been leading Multifunctional Structures for High Energy Lightweight Load-bearing Storage (M-SHELLS) research efforts. The technology of integrating load-carrying structures with electrical energy storage capacity has the potential to reduce the overall weight of future electric aircraft. The proposed project goals were to develop M-SHELLS in the form of honeycomb coupons and subcomponents, integrate them into the structure, and conduct low-risk flight tests onboard a remotely piloted small aircraft. Experimental M-SHELLS energy-storing coupons were fabricated and tested in the laboratory for their electrical and mechanical properties. In this paper, finite element model development and structural analyses of two small test aircraft candidates are presented. The finite element analysis of the initial two-spar wing is described for strain, deflection, and weight estimation. After a test aircraft Tempest was acquired, a load- deflection test of the wing was conducted. A finite element model of the Tempest was then developed based on the test aircraft dimensions and construction detail. The component weight analysis from the finite element model and test measurements were correlated. Structural analysis results with multifunctional energy storage panels in the fuselage of the test vehicle are presented. Although the flight test was cancelled because of programmatic reasons and time constraints, the structural analysis results indicate that the mid-fuselage floor composite panel could provide structural integrity with minimal weight penalty while supplying electrical energy. To explore potential future applications of the multifunctional structure, analyses of the NASA X-57 Maxwell electric aircraft and a NASA N+3 Technology Conventional Configuration (N3CC) fuselage are presented. Secondary aluminum structure in the fuselage sub-floor and cargo area were partially replaced with reinforced five-layer composite panels with M-SHELLS honeycomb core. The N3CC fuselage weight reduction associated with each design without risking structural integrity are described. The structural analysis and weight estimation with the application of composite M-SHELLS panels to the N3CC fuselage indicate a 3.2% reduction in the fuselage structural weight, prior to accounting for the additional weight of core material required to complete the energy storage functionality