Phenotypic analysis of LDGs and NDGs.

<p>LDGs and NDGs were isolated as described in materials and methods (n = 22) and the expression levels of CD11b (A), CD15 (B), CD33 (C), CD66b (D), CD16 (E), CD13 (F), CD63 (G) and arginase 1 (H) were determined by flow cytometry. Isotype controls: <1%. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Box = interquartile range and median; whiskers = range.</p

ARGINASE 1 Panel.

<p>LDGs and NDGs were isolated as described in materials and methods and the expression levels of phenotypic markers were determined by flow cytometry.</p><p>NP  =  Not provided by manufacturer.</p

MFI of phenotypic markers of LDGs and NDGs.

<p>LDGs and NDGs were isolated as described in materials and methods and the expression levels of phenotypic markers were determined by flow cytometry (median±SEM). The percentage increase or decrease in MFI was calculated for controls (n = 11) and HIV+ patients (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048939#pone-0048939-g002" target="_blank">figures 2A–G</a>, n = 22).</p

Morphology of LDGs and NDGs.

<p>LDGs and NDGs were isolated as described in materials and methods and their morphology was compared after H&E staining. Data show the results of one representative experiment out of five independent experiments.</p

Frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in PBMCs and biopsies of LCL patients.

<p>The frequencies of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells was determined in cells isolated from the blood and from the biopsies of LCL patients (n = 15) by flow cytometry. (A) % of CD4⁺ T cells; (B) % of CD8⁺ T cells; (C) ratio of CD4/CD8. Values represent median with interquartile range. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann-Whitney test, ns = not significant.</p

Frequency of neutrophils and monocytes in PBMCs.

<p>PBMCs were isolated by density gradient from the blood of controls (n = 10) and LCL patients (n = 15) and the frequencies of CD15⁺ (A), CD14⁺ (B) cells and the ratio of CD15/CD14 (C) were determined by flow cytometry. Values represent median with interquartile range. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann-Whitney test, ns = not significant.</p

Ratio of CD4/CD8⁺ T cells in PBMCs isolated from controls (n = 10) and LCL patients (n = 12).

<p>Values represent median ± sem.</p

Arginase-expressing cells in biopsy are neutrophils.

<p>The phenotype of arginase-expressing cells in homogenates of skin biopsies was determined by flow cytometry by using a combination of antibodies against CD14, CD15 and arginase. Data show the results of one representative experiment out of three independent experiments.</p

CD3ζ and CD8 MFI in PBMCs and biopsies of LCL patients.

<p>The MFI of CD3ζ in CD8⁺ T cells (A) and MFI of CD8 molecule (D) were compared between cells isolated from the blood and from the biopsies of LCL patients (n = 12) by flow cytometry; (B) representative histogram of MFI of CD3ζ in CD8⁺ T cells (open histogram = biopsies, closed histogram = PBMCs); (E) representative histogram of MFI of CD8 (open histogram = biopsies, closed histogram = PBMCs); (C) % decrease in CD3ζ MFI in CD8 (black bar = median); (F) % decrease in CD8. Statistical significance was determined by a Wilcoxon paired test.</p

CD3ζ and CD4 MFI in PBMCs and biopsies of LCL patients.

<p>The MFI of CD3ζ in CD4⁺ T cells (A) and MFI of CD4 molecule (D) were compared between cells isolated from the blood and from the biopsies of LCL patients (n = 12) by flow cytometry; (B) representative histogram of MFI of CD3ζ in CD4⁺ T cells (open histogram  =  biopsies, closed histogram = PBMCs); (E) representative histogram of MFI of CD4 (open histogram = biopsies, closed histogram = PBMCs); (C) % decrease in CD3ζ MFI in CD4 (black bar = median); (F) % decrease in CD4. Statistical significance was determined by a Wilcoxon paired test.</p