ROC analysis comparing the RCRI alone or combined with Copeptin-derived parameters.

<p>Only preoperative Copeptin (blue dotted line) improved risk predictive accuracy of the RCRI (P = .0371, AUC .752). The RCRI-ROC Curve (black line) (AUC .714) indicates prediction of the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The combination of RCRI and postoperative Copeptin (red dashed line) (P = .0620, AUC .751) and RCRI and Copeptin changes (P = .1525, AUC .710) during the perioperative course (green dashed and dotted line) do not reach significantly larger AUCs. * marks significant values.</p

Copeptin is elevated in patients sustaining Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) throughout the perioperative phase.

<p>Boxplots of pre- (A) and postoperative (B) Copeptin levels as well as perioperative Copeptin change (C) (pmol/L). Groups were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test (A) P = .0001, (B) P = .0002, (C) P = .014.</p

Analysis of Copeptin levels.

<p>Linear regression analysis of pre-, postoperative Copeptin levels and Copeptin change (pmol/L) and existing comorbidities as well as RCRI category and surgical procedure,</p><p>*marks significant confounders, abbreviations are used as follows: BMI (Body mass index), TIA (transitory ischemic attack), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), CAD (coronary artery disease), RCRI (Revised cardiac index), surgical procedure (type of surgery performed subdivided into aortic, carotid and peripheral surgeries). Significance reveals results of linear regression analysis; significant results were additionally used in multivariate regression (significance multivariate) results are shown with P values.</p><p>Analysis of Copeptin levels.</p

Demographical data of study population subdivided into surgical procedures.

<p>P depicts P value of univariate linear regression calculated for each variable and type of surgery. The number of patients (n) for each group as well as percentage (%) is depicted. Other variables are shown as median with 25–75 percentile. Abbreviations are used as follows: coronary artery disease (CAD), revised cardiac risk index (RCRI), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), preoperative values for Copeptin (preop Copeptin), postoperative values for Copeptin (postop Copeptin), change of Copeptin levels between pre- and postoperative sample (Copeptin delta absolute), Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).</p><p>Demographical data of study population subdivided into surgical procedures.</p

Copeptin interferes with kidney injury in prediction of MACE.

<p>Preoperative Copeptin levels (pmol/L) are significantly (P<.0001) elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease increasing with severity of kidney injury (A). Preoperative Copeptin is not associated with MACE in patients with CKD 1&2 (B) (P = .3787) or CKD 4&5 (D) (P = .2264) but shows significant association with MACE in CKD 3 (C) (P = .0163). Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test for comparing two groups and Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dunns test for multiple comparisons. Blots are depicted as 5–95 percentile.</p

Linear regression analysis of MACE and existing comorbidities.

<p>*marks significant confounders.</p><p>Abbreviations are used as follows: BMI (Body mass index), TIA (transitory ischemic attack) COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), CAD (coronary artery disease), RCRI (Revised cardiac index), Surgical procedure (type of surgery performed subdivided into aortic, carotid and peripheral arterial procedures). Copeptin preoperative, postoperative and Copeptin change; significant results were additionally used in multivariate regression (significance multivariate) results are shown with p values. Comorbidities and putative risk predictors were analyzed in separate univariate and multivariate analysis.</p><p>Linear regression analysis of MACE and existing comorbidities.</p