Lucas Numbers and Cryptography

We know that the Fibonacci numbers are the numbers from Fibonacci sequence. It was discovered by Leonardo de Fibonacci de Pisa. The Fibonacci series was derived from the solution to a problem about rabbits. The problem is: If a newborn pair of rabbits requires one month to mature and at the end of the second month and every month thereafter reproduce itself, how many pairs will one have at the end of n months? Lucas numbers are the numbers from the Lucas sequence. Lucas se-quence is dened by the same recurrence relations as Fibonacci sequence with dierent initial values. We are considering general Lucas sequence dened by second-order relation i.e, fTng = PTn1 QTn2. where gcd(P;Q) = 1 and P;Q 2 Z. The general solution of the sequence is given by fc1n + c2ng, where and are the roots of the corresponding polynomial equation of fTng. If we put the particular values of c1 and c2 in the general solu-tion, then we get two particular solutions Un(P;Q) = n n where where (c1 = 1 = c2) and Vn(P;Q) = n+n where (c1 = 1 = c2). This Un(P;Q) gives the Fibonacci sequence and Vn(P;Q) gives the Lucas sequence. The later will use in the LUC cryptosystem. We also know that Cryptography is very important in security problems.Nowadays, Everybody want secure information.In the rst chapter we give some denations, theorems, lemmas, on el-ementary number theory. This chapter is useful for next discussion on the main topic. In the second chapter, we shall discuss the properties of Fi-bonacci numbers and related numbers call Lucas numbers. And also, we shall give few applications of Fibonacci numbers. In the third chapter, we shall discuss basic things of cryptosystem including RSA Public-key system. Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman developed the RSA sys-1 tem in 1977. RSA stands for the rst letter in each of its inventors' last names. Finally, we shall also discuss about new LUC cryptosystem which is based on Lucas functions. \Experience enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again" By :FRANKLIN P. JONES

The Rise of an Apparatgeist: Factors Affecting Bangkok-based Consumers' Purchase Intention for Smartphones

Mobile phones are devices that some of us cannot do without. Indeed, for some of us, a growing legion, it is impossible to imagine a day in our lives without a mobile phone beside us. So, in our era of Internet and Social Networking, the introduction of Smartphones into the mobile industry was bound to happen. Smartphones have brought about changes around us in our daily lives like no other device in our contemporary era. The purpose of this research is to better understand consumers’ taste for Smartphones by studying different factors affecting consumer intention to purchase a Smartphone over other mobile phones and study the main factors leading to this change in purchase intention. The dependent variable for this research is Purchase Intention and the independent variables are Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Brand Image, Price, and Product Knowledge. These factors are based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the concept of marketing mix, and Kotler’s Buyer Decision Process. Five hypotheses were developed. Descriptive Research was used, applying the Survey Techniques and under Quota Sampling Methods. 400 questionnaires were collected from selected outlets in Bangkok Metropolitan. The results show that Brand Image is the main factor that is considered when a consumer intends to buy a Smartphone. Following closely is the Price factor

Transport properties of polydisperse hard sphere fluid: Effect of distribution shape and mass scaling

A model polydisperse fluid represents many real fluids such as colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions. In this study, considering a concentrated size-polydisperse hard sphere fluid with size derived from two different distribution functions, namely, uniform and Gaussian and explore the effect of polydispersity and mass scaling on the transport properties in general. A simple analytical solution based on the Boltzmann transport equation is also presented (together with the solution using Chapman-Enskog (CE) method) using which various transport coefficients are obtained. The central idea of our approach is the realization that, in polydisperse system, the collision scattering cross section is proportional to a random variable \textit{z} which is equal to the sum of two random variables $\sigma_i$ and $\sigma_j$ (representing particle diameters), and the distribution of \textit{z} can be written as the convolution of the two distributions $P(\sigma_i)$ and $P(\sigma_j)$. The obtained transport coefficients are expressed as explicit function of polydispersity index, $\delta$, and their dependence on the nature of particle size distribution is explored. It is observed that in the low polydispersity limit, the transport coefficients are found to be insensitive to the type of size distribution functions considered. The analytical results (for diffusion coefficients and thermal conductivity) obtained using Chapman-Enskog method and our simple analytical approach agrees well with the simulation. However, for shear viscosity, our analyical approach agress for $\delta \le 20\%$, while it agrees upto $\delta \approx 40\%$ with the result obtained using CE-method (in the limit $\delta \rightarrow 0$). Interestingly, the effect of scaling mass (i.e., mass proportional to the particle size and thus a random variable) produces no significant qualitative difference.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Breast Self-Examination for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer: A Quantitative Research Approach

Breast cancer now accounts for almost one in four cancers diagnosed in women, the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today (after lung cancer). According to Globocan 2012, India along with United States and China collectively accounts for almost one third of the global breast cancer burden. India is facing challenging situation due to 11.54% increases in incidence and 13.82% increase in mortality due to breast cancer during 2008-2012.1 The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge of breast self-examination among college girls. A descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. The study was conducted among the college girls of a selected college of Delhi (Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard). The sample size was 70 and the subject was selected using the convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge of breast self-examination among college girls. Findings of the present revealed that majority of the subjects (88.6%) possess previous information of breast cancer, while few of the subjects (11.4%) were not aware much about the breast cancer. The study concludes that emphasis should be given to the studies that are related to the breast self-examination as there is an urgent need to look after the issues of growing risk of breast cancer and their poor health seeking behavior in young age

A Quasi-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Chilled Cabbage Leaves on Breast Engorgement among Postnatal Mothers Admitted in a Selected Hospital of Delhi

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of chilled cabbage leaves on breast engorgement among the postnatal mothers admitted in a selected hospital of Delhi. A Time series non-equivalent control group design with multiple institutions of the treatments was used. The study was conducted on 60 postnatal mothers, 30 in each group, admitted in Swami Dayanand Hospital, Shadara. A structured interview schedule was used to assess the selected sample characteristics and Storr scale was used to assess the breast engorgement and data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Version 20. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control group with regard to pre-treatment scores of breast engorgement (p=0.2880). Comparison was done between pre-treatment and posttreatment breast engorgement scores within both the groups. There was no significant difference in the posttest breast engorgement scores between both the groups (p=0.204). Both the treatments, i.e., chilled cabbage leaves and routine care, i.e., warm compress were effective in decreasing breast engorgement in postnatal mothers (p=0.05 and p=0.001). Routine care, i.e., warm compress was found to be more effective than chilled cabbage leaves in reducing breast engorgement (p=0.001) in postnatal mothers. Chilled cabbage leaves as well as routine care, i.e., warm compress, both can be used in the treatment of breast engorgement

Development of Postograph for the Healthcare Professionals in Selected Hospitals of Delhi

Postpartum is the time after birth, a time in which the mother’s body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate postograph for the healthcare professionals. The study has been carried out in different phases: (1). Preliminary preparation of postograph, (2). Validation of postograph through modified Delphi technique, (3). Pilot study (n=20), to assess the feasibility of postograph and pre-test the scale for the language and sequence of items. After this phase, final try out of postograph (n=220), validity (content validity, face validity, construct validity) of postograph through exploratory factor analysis was done. For assessing quality and adequacy of postograph, reliability was done. For internal consistency, Cronbach alpha was used, for stability test retest (r=0.95) was done. Postograph consists of 51 items and it is divided into two domains. Content validity of the postograph was checked by calculating CVI (content validity index). The value of CVI was 0.98. Construct validity was done through exploratory factors analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used for internal consistency; the overall Cronbach’s alpha of present scale is 0.98. Hence, a valid and reliable postograph is developed for the healthcare professionals to evaluate condition of mother and newborn during postnatal period

ETHICAL ISSUES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in populations, and its application to the control of health problems. An epidemiological studies involve the population and as such ethical issues are an important aspect of it which need to be properly understood and adhered to. These issues can relate to informed consent, appropriate sample size, selection of participants, confidentiality, conflict of interest etc. Studies like therapeutic trial have also a lot of ethical issues which differ from issues pertaining to non-therapeutic trials. The source of funding for the study can have implication. Fabrication of data, manipulation during analysis, intentional changes in the result to obtain a pre desired outcome are some grey areas which need to be addressed. Another ethical issue is publication in certain Journals with monetary involvement. Lastly but not the least, authorship also have certain ethical issues. Attention to ethical issues can facilitate the effective planning, implementation, and growth of a variety of public health programs and research activities. Moreover with advancement in Epidemiology like molecular epidemiology, genetic epidemiology etc. the ethical issues become more complicated. Keywords: Ethics; Epidemiology; Epidemiological studies; Ethical Issues

ETHICAL ISSUES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in populations, and its application to the control of health problems. An epidemiological studies involve the population and as such ethical issues are an important aspect of it which need to be properly understood and adhered to. These issues can relate to informed consent, appropriate sample size, selection of participants, confidentiality, conflict of interest etc. Studies like therapeutic trial have also a lot of ethical issues which differ from issues pertaining to non-therapeutic trials. The source of funding for the study can have implication. Fabrication of data, manipulation during analysis, intentional changes in the result to obtain a pre desired outcome are some grey areas which need to be addressed. Another ethical issue is publication in certain Journals with monetary involvement. Lastly but not the least, authorship also have certain ethical issues. Attention to ethical issues can facilitate the effective planning, implementation, and growth of a variety of public health programs and research activities. Moreover with advancement in Epidemiology like molecular epidemiology, genetic epidemiology etc. the ethical issues become more complicated. Keywords: Ethics; Epidemiology; Epidemiological studies; Ethical Issues

Lavender: A Beneficial Herb for Postnatal Mothers

The postpartum period or postnatal period is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks. It is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. Most maternal and infant deaths occur during this time. Yet, this is the most neglected period for the provision of quality care. Childbirth and the responsibilities of parenting after birth require a great deal of energy. In this period, the mother faces problems like fatigue, sleep disturbance and problem with maternal infant attachment. So for treating this problem, various non-pharmacological methods are accepted like yoga, meditation, aromatherapy and many other alternative therapies. Lavender inhalation aromatherapy is widely believed to impart a hypnotic effect, act as a mood stabilizer, and enhance the positive feelings of mothers toward their infants. However, research into these and other potential therapeutic effects of lavender tea has been limited

ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW

Road traffic accidents claim over a million lives every year in the world. As per World Health Organization (WHO) it is one of the leading cause of death. India, being a rapidly developing country with expanding economy has its own issues as regarding road traffic accidents due to rapid proliferation of motorization. Road traffic accidents causes enormous morbidity and mortality and at the same time, the toll on the economy of the country as a result of it is quite heavy. Road traffic accident is a result of an interaction among different factors which include the environment, vehicle and the human being. Traditionally it is considered that road traffic accidents are accidents which are unpredictable, inevitable and not preventable. But road traffic accidents are indeed predictable and preventable in majority of the cases. This require the knowledge of factors contributing and leading to road traffic accidents. There are certain preventive measures which if adopted can lead to decrease in morbidity and mortality resulting from RTA. Hence, it is the responsibility of all to contribute in reducing road traffic accidents. Keywords: Road traffic accidents; Road traffic injuries; Roads in India; Road safety; Vehicular registration