Sistem Pengupahan Antara Karyawan Harian Tetap dan Buruh Harian Lepas (Suatu Kasus Pada Perusahaan Pt. fajar Baizury & Brother di Tadu B Kecamatan Tadu Raya Kabupaten Nagan Raya)

SISTEM PENGUPAHAN ANTARA KARYAWAN HARIAN TETAP DAN BURUH HARIAN LEPAS ( SUATU KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN PT. FAJAR BAIZURY & BROTHERS DI TADU B KECAMATAN TADU RAYA KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA)Jelva Afdanur/Agribisnis/Universitas Syiah KualaABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pengupahan antara karyawan harian lepas dan buruh harian lepas pada PT. Fajar Baizury & Brothers Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan sistem pengupahan antara karyawan harian tetap dan buruh harian lepas terletak pada besaran jumlah upah pokok,tunjangan dan jaminan kesehatan bagaimana cara perhitungan upah pokok yang diberikan dari perusahaan, dan komponen upah apa saja yang diterima kedua tenaga kerja tersebut.Upah pokok yang diterima oleh karyawan harian tetap dihitung per bulan dengan jumlah jam kerja 8 jam kerja / hari. Besaran upah untuk karyawan harian tetap adalah sebesar Rp. 1.550.000/bulan. Komponen upah yang diterima oleh karyawan harian tetap adalah upah pokok, premi panen dan premi pemupukan, tunjangan natura, jamsostek dan fasilitas pendukung lainnya. Sedangkan upah pokok yang diterima buruh harian lepas dihitung perhari kerja (1 HK=8 jam). Besaran upah untuk karyawan harian lepas adalah Rp. 62.000/HK. Komponen upah yang diterima buruh harian lepas berbatas pada upah pokok dan premi panen, pemupukan, dan pembabatan. Kata kunci : Upah, BHL, HOK, Dan Premi, KHT.WAGE SYSTEM BETWEEN PERMANENT EMPLOYEESAND CASUAL LABORERS(IN CASE OF PT. FAJAR BAIZURY & BROTHERS IN TADU B KECAMATAN TADU RAYA KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA)Jelva Afdanur/Agribisnis/Universitas Syiah KualaABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to know about wage system between monthly-paid and daily-paid employees at PT.Fajar Baizury & Brothers in Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Method used in this study are descriptive and qualitative methods. The result of this study shows that the distinguishes from monthly-paid and daily-paid employees are assured of basic salary, allowance, health insurance and the way how the company counts the payment and what employees get for the company.Basic salary of monthly-paid employees for normal working hours which is basic salary for eight hours is Rp 1.550.000/per month. They will receive basic salary, harvesting and fertilizing premium, agricultural subsidy, health insurance, and other facilities. However, daily-paid employees are for normal working hours will be paid per day (1 day= 8 hours) is Rp. 62.000 and they will receive limited components such as basic salary, harvesting and fertilizing premium, and weeding premium.Key Words: Wage, BHL, HOK, and Premium, KHTBanda Ace

High yield expression of recombinant CD151 in E.coli & a structural insight into cholesterol binding domain

by Vijay Thiruvenkata

Structural aspects of TSC1/2 complex, a molecular switch controlling various cell signaling pathways

by Nalini Natarajan and Vijay Thiruvenkata

A membrane protein via X-ray Crystallography

by Gayathri Purshothaman and Vijay Thiruvenkata

Gamma secretase activating protein as profound target for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is a form of progressive dementia followed by decline in cognitive abilities, neurological reflexes andlearning ability characterized by the presence of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, their progression beingcomplemented by several cross talks between interconnected cell signaling pathways predominant in brain cells.Gamma Secretase Activating Protein (GSAP) involved in beta amyloid pathway is a 854 amino acid long protein (around 98kD) which is post translationally modified into an active 16kD protein with the help of regulators like Caspase 3 and 5Lipoxygenase at Caspase 3 processing domain present towards the C terminal at 737'DLD'739 position. In a sequentialproteolytic cleavage of APP and C-99 fragment by BACE-1 and ?-Secretase respectively, active GSAP is assumed to bring C-99 fragment and ?-secretase in close proximity by forming a ternary complex which leads to the production and depositionof A?40 and A?42 amyloid plaques. Through our work we target towards filling the voids that have been left unattended inthe field of GSAP, like its macromolecular structure determination through X-Ray crystallography or NMR, studying andexploring the other isoforms of GSAP to find out their structure and activity and to discern the role and action mechanism ofGSAP within the cell. Hence, we aim to clone and express GSAP in prokaryotic as well as in eukaryotic cells, in highly efficientex-pression vectors (such as pET19b, pET 32a, pMalc5X His, pcDNA 4) having different tags, and further to study thebinding efficiency of GSAP with potent inhibitors using X-ray crystallography. Along with GSAP isoform I, we also focus onGSAP isoform IV exploiting the fact that it has maximum similarity to canonical 16 kD GSAP isoform I. GSAP's role as anactivator of ?-amyloid production makes it a promising and ingenious therapeutic target for treatment of Alzheimer's diseasethus making it a prospective candidate to be probed for Alzheimer's cure and prevention.by Deekshi Angira and Vijay Thiruvenkata

Gamma secretase activating protein: ingenious target for alzheimer’s disease

by Deekshi Angira and Vijay Thiruvenkata

CD151 a membrane protein via X-ray crystallography

Tetraspanins are family of small membrane proteins and they are involved in multitude of biological process. Structurally theyare characterized by having four transmembrane domains, short inner and outer loops, one large extra cellular loop containsCCG motif and N and C terminal. Iconic features of these proteins are formation of Tetraspanin Enriched Micro domains(TEMs) by interacting among themselves and with other transmembrane and cytosolic proteins. These domains provide asignaling platform for many important cellular functions such as immune response induction, fertilization, viral infection,maintenance of skin integrity and malignant process. Tetraspanin CD151 is frequently over expressed on cancer cells and isfunctionally linked to cancer metastasis. CD151 forms direct and stable and interaction with integrin molecules and regulatesthe cellular functions. Increasing evidence emerging from in vitro, in vivo and clinical analyses associates that CD151partnership with integrins ?6?1 and ?6?4, modulates different stages in cancer such as tumor cell growth, metastasis anddrug sensitivity in various types of cancer. The importance of CD151 signposts that targeting CD151 could be a promisingtherapy in cancer and other viral infections. Even though evidences are there for the CD151-Integrin interactions, themechanisms and mode of the interactions are not yet known. The structural and functional characteristics of CD151 via thethree dimensional structure of the protein would pave way for understanding the TEMs of CD151. By considering thechallenges in the structural determination of membrane protein, we expressed and purified the specific portion of CD151 inbacterial system. The expressed portion includes large extra cellular loop alone as well along with the one transmembranedomain and C-Terminal which expected to be have interaction with Integrins and other partner proteins. The expressedrecombinant protein confirmed by western blot and MALDI. The activity of the recombinant protein will be assessed bycholesterol binding assays followed the protein will be experiment to crystallization.by Gayathri Purushothaman and Vijay Thiruvenkata

Structural means of assessing interaction between hamartin and tuberin

mTOR pathway is one of the most important and well-studied signalling cascades with respect to cancer. The major controllers of mTOR are the tumour suppressors Hamartin (TSC1) and Tuberin (TSC2), which lies in the heart of this cellular signalling pathway. Mutation in any of these genes will render them unsuccessful to possess tuberin's GTPase activity towards Rheb, a small G-protein, which eventually keeps the mTOR activated. Such mutations lead to tuberous sclerosis complex, a multi-organ disease characterized by non-cancerous tumours in brain, skin, liver, kidney, lungs and heart. Also, it puts an individual at a higher risk of developing cancer in these organs. Several inhibitors are designed and still being designed for mTOR, while the actual source of the problem (TSC1 & TSC2) is left unchecked. The main reason for this is the lack of structure for both TSC1 and TSC2. Owing to its large size, Hamartin (1164 aa) and Tuberin (1804 aa) cannot be expressed under a bacterial expression system. Hence the major focus of our study is in the interaction regions of these two proteins. Since it is a small portion of these proteins, its expression is feasible in E.coli. Hamartin's interaction region of tuberin is predicted to possess a potential leucine zipper region (81-121 aa) and a putative coiled-coil domain (346-371 aa). Recent studies have structurally proven the presence of a new component to the Tuberous sclerosis protein complex, which is known as TBC1D7. Many studies have been made with Tsc mutated cohorts and the researchers have tried to analyze the etiology of the disease biochemically. Yet, deciphering the structure of this tumor suppressor complex would not only satiate the search for answers in mTOR pathway but also throw limelight on the plethora of protein-protein interactions in various other significant pathways. Knowing the structure would enable us to envisage the design of agonist for these proteins to enhance their tumour suppressor activity.by Nalini Natarajan and Vijay Thiruvenkata

Diverse applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering

This chapter introduces the basic concepts of nano science to readers. Some novel methodologies for synthesizing nano particles are discussed briefly. Since the book title suggests diverse applications of nano materials, this chapter also summarizes the applications of nano technology in medicine (nano medicine), where tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are discussed. Other applications DNA nanotechnology in living organisms are discussed briefly. Overall, this chapter introduces the readers to broad sections of nano science and its applications in chemistry, engineering, and medicine.by Sivapriya Kirubakaran and Vijay Thiruvenkata

Studying interactions of hamartin and tuberin at the molecular level

by Nalini Natarajan and Vijay Thiruvenkata