All-optical reconstruction of crystal band structure

The band structure of matter determines its properties. In solids, it is typically mapped with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, in which the momentum and the energy of incoherent electrons are independently measured. Sometimes, however, photoelectrons are difficult or impossible to detect. Here we demonstrate an all-optical technique to reconstruct momentum-dependent band gaps by exploiting the coherent motion of electron-hole pairs driven by intense midinfrared femtosecond laser pulses. Applying the method to experimental data for a semiconductor ZnO crystal, we identify the split-off valence band as making the greatest contribution to tunneling to the conduction band. Our new band structure measurement technique is intrinsically bulk sensitive, does not require a vacuum, and has high temporal resolution, making it suitable to study reactions at ambient conditions, matter under extreme pressures, and ultrafast transient modifications to band structures.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Intense few-cycle infrared laser pulses at the advanced laser light source

To push the generation of isolated attosecond pulses towards shorter XUV wavelengths (0.3 to 1 keV), intense few-cycle driving pulses are required whose center frequency is significantly red shifted compared to established Ti-Sa technology. A simple route for generating these pulses is demonstrated using an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Its infrared (IR) multi-cycle laser pulses with millijoule of energy are spectrally broadened by nonlinear propagation in a hollow-core fiber (HCF) filled with Argon. For the OPA Signal wavelength (\u3bb = 1.4 micron), chirped mirrors were used for dispersion compensation with a resulting pulse duration of 13.1 fs. For the OPA Idler wavelength at 1.8 micron, a new compression scheme has been developed with which 11.2 fs laser pulses have been characterized (1 cycle= 6 fs). Here, pulse compression is achieved through the combined effects of self-steepening during nonlinear propagation in the HCF followed by anomalous dispersion during linear propagation in fused silica.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study

Background To date, few data on paediatric COVID-19 have been published, and most reports originate from China. This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. Methods This multicentre cohort study involved 82 participating health-care institutions across 25 European countries, using a well established research network—the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)—that mainly comprises paediatric infectious diseases specialists and paediatric pulmonologists. We included all individuals aged 18 years or younger with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, detected at any anatomical site by RT-PCR, between April 1 and April 24, 2020, during the initial peak of the European COVID-19 pandemic. We explored factors associated with need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and initiation of drug treatment for COVID-19 using univariable analysis, and applied multivariable logistic regression with backwards stepwise analysis to further explore those factors significantly associated with ICU admission. Findings 582 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, with a median age of 5·0 years (IQR 0·5–12·0) and a sex ratio of 1·15 males per female. 145 (25%) had pre-existing medical conditions. 363 (62%) individuals were admitted to hospital. 48 (8%) individuals required ICU admission, 25 (4%) mechanical ventilation (median duration 7 days, IQR 2–11, range 1–34), 19 (3%) inotropic support, and one (<1%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Significant risk factors for requiring ICU admission in multivariable analyses were being younger than 1 month (odds ratio 5·06, 95% CI 1·72–14·87; p=0·0035), male sex (2·12, 1·06–4·21; p=0·033), pre-existing medical conditions (3·27, 1·67–6·42; p=0·0015), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (10·46, 5·16–21·23; p<0·0001). The most frequently used drug with antiviral activity was hydroxychloroquine (40 [7%] patients), followed by remdesivir (17 [3%] patients), lopinavir–ritonavir (six [1%] patients), and oseltamivir (three [1%] patients). Immunomodulatory medication used included corticosteroids (22 [4%] patients), intravenous immunoglobulin (seven [1%] patients), tocilizumab (four [1%] patients), anakinra (three [1%] patients), and siltuximab (one [<1%] patient). Four children died (case-fatality rate 0·69%, 95% CI 0·20–1·82); at study end, the remaining 578 were alive and only 25 (4%) were still symptomatic or requiring respiratory support. Interpretation COVID-19 is generally a mild disease in children, including infants. However, a small proportion develop severe disease requiring ICU admission and prolonged ventilation, although fatal outcome is overall rare. The data also reflect the current uncertainties regarding specific treatment options, highlighting that additional data on antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are urgently needed

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7): [on line]

This is the online, compiled proceedings from the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7) which was held May 18–20, 2022 at Université Grenoble-Alpes, France. It includes 23 double-blind, peer-reviewed chapters written by authors from several countries, an introduction and a thematic index, and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (To view a copy of the license, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7): [on line]

This is the online, compiled proceedings from the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7) which was held May 18–20, 2022 at Université Grenoble-Alpes, France. It includes 23 double-blind, peer-reviewed chapters written by authors from several countries, an introduction and a thematic index, and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (To view a copy of the license, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study

Background To date, few data on paediatric COVID-19 have been published, and most reports originate from China. This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. Methods This multicentre cohort study involved 82 participating health-care institutions across 25 European countries, using a well established research network—the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)—that mainly comprises paediatric infectious diseases specialists and paediatric pulmonologists. We included all individuals aged 18 years or younger with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, detected at any anatomical site by RT-PCR, between April 1 and April 24, 2020, during the initial peak of the European COVID-19 pandemic. We explored factors associated with need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and initiation of drug treatment for COVID-19 using univariable analysis, and applied multivariable logistic regression with backwards stepwise analysis to further explore those factors significantly associated with ICU admission. Findings 582 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, with a median age of 5·0 years (IQR 0·5–12·0) and a sex ratio of 1·15 males per female. 145 (25%) had pre-existing medical conditions. 363 (62%) individuals were admitted to hospital. 48 (8%) individuals required ICU admission, 25 (4%) mechanical ventilation (median duration 7 days, IQR 2–11, range 1–34), 19 (3%) inotropic support, and one (<1%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Significant risk factors for requiring ICU admission in multivariable analyses were being younger than 1 month (odds ratio 5·06, 95% CI 1·72–14·87; p=0·0035), male sex (2·12, 1·06–4·21; p=0·033), pre-existing medical conditions (3·27, 1·67–6·42; p=0·0015), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (10·46, 5·16–21·23; p<0·0001). The most frequently used drug with antiviral activity was hydroxychloroquine (40 [7%] patients), followed by remdesivir (17 [3%] patients), lopinavir–ritonavir (six [1%] patients), and oseltamivir (three [1%] patients). Immunomodulatory medication used included corticosteroids (22 [4%] patients), intravenous immunoglobulin (seven [1%] patients), tocilizumab (four [1%] patients), anakinra (three [1%] patients), and siltuximab (one [<1%] patient). Four children died (case-fatality rate 0·69%, 95% CI 0·20–1·82); at study end, the remaining 578 were alive and only 25 (4%) were still symptomatic or requiring respiratory support. Interpretation COVID-19 is generally a mild disease in children, including infants. However, a small proportion develop severe disease requiring ICU admission and prolonged ventilation, although fatal outcome is overall rare. The data also reflect the current uncertainties regarding specific treatment options, highlighting that additional data on antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are urgently needed. Funding ptbnet is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

Provincia de Santiago del Estero

Por primera vez a nivel nacional, se describen en un trabajo las principales buenas prácticas para las distintas ecorregiones y provincias del país. En la presente obra se incluyen aquellas prácticas de manejo del suelo y del agua relevante para el buen uso y conservación del suelo en áreas de secano, es decir, en tierras que solamente se benefician con el agua de lluvia. Se incluyen también las prácticas que consideran el uso de vegetación como base para la conservación del suelo. El manual contiene 25 capítulos redactados por especialistas referentes de las instituciones oficiales y privadas del país, los que en forma generosa han aportado la valiosa información y experticia que permitió plasmar la presente obra. Las prácticas se describen tomando como base el mapa de regionalización ecológica-productiva que los equipos técnicos han propuesto para cada provincia. Las mismas han sido referidas a las climosecuencias del área, los tipos de suelos más representativos, los procesos de degradación identificados y la normativa legal vigente, siguiendo el formato de ficha técnica: i) Nombre, ii) Definición, iii) Objetivo, iv) Condiciones para su aplicación, v) Superficie estimada de aplicación, vi) Normas técnicas, vii) Equipo necesario, y viii) Mantenimiento. En esta obra queda demostrado que existen actualmente en la Argentina los conocimientos y tecnologías disponibles para desarrollar una producción agropecuaria sustentable. Ello asegurará un rol estratégico como país productor de alimentos, con respeto a las normas ambientales y de seguridad agroalimentaria. En un futuro inmediato se constituirán en exigencias del comercio internacional, evaluando el camino de la trazabilidad -huellas de carbono e hídrica- de los diferentes productos agropecuarios y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. La conservación del suelo y del agua constituye un deber inexcusable, ya que se trata de recursos naturales estratégicos para la Nación Argentina, que cumplen funciones de alcance social y que trascienden las generaciones. Este capítulo describe la zona de la provincia de Santiago del Estero: La provincia de Santiago del Estero posee una superficie de 145.690 km2 se encuentra ubicada entre los 25° 35´ y los 30° 41´ de latitud sur y entre los 61° 34´ y los 65° 34´ de longitud oeste. Su territorio es una planicie que presenta una pequeña inclinación en dirección noroeste-sureste, interrumpida por los ríos que corren en sentido diagonal y por elevaciones ubicadas en la zona sur, oeste y noroeste; donde se registran las mayores altitudes provinciales, que no superan los 700 m de altura (sierras de Guasayán, Sumampa y Ambargasta).Fil: Sanchez, María C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Rivilli, Marisa Juana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Duffau, Alejandro R.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Galizzi, Fernando A.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Barraza, Gabriela A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Amarilla, Mabel Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Prieto Angueira, Salvador. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Berton, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Ventura, Javier. Establecimiento Monte Buey Agropecuaria S.R.L.; ArgentinaFil: Lescano, Marcelo D.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Storniolo, Angel del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Geología y Geotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Terribile, Elsa Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Geología y Geotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Thir, Juan Martin. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Geología y Geotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Trejo, Walter Mario. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Geología y Geotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Pavón, Julio A.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Geología y Geotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, Sofia Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Geología y Geotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Silberman, Juan Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Albanesi de Garay, Ada Susana. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Anriquez, Analia Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Kunst, Carlos Roberto Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez Nuñez, José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Suarez, Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Roxana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Grasso, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Navall, Jorge Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Vizgarra, Lidia Amanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Venier, Maria Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios; ArgentinaFil: Kowaljow, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Vaieretti, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ferreras, Ana Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Adriana T.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Tamer, Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Puig, Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Coronel, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Angueira, Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Angella, Gabriel Augusto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Cornacchione, Monica Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Martín. Empresa Sucesores de Antonio Lladhon SL..R.; ArgentinaFil: Bolañez, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Mas, Laura Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Carina Rosa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Osinaga, Natalia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Salvatierra, José I.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Tomsic, Pablo D.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Lizzi, José. Establecimiento El Mangrullo S.A.; ArgentinaFil: Perez Farhat, Walter. Empresa PASA Fertilizantes; Argentin