15 research outputs found

    FiĂšvre bilieuse hĂ©moglobinurique (FBH) de rĂ©vĂ©lation tardive: Ă  propos d’un cas au CHU de Dakar

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    La fiĂšvre bilieuse hĂ©moglobinurique (FBH) est une forme grave du paludisme; caractĂ©risĂ©e par la survenue d'une hĂ©molyse intravasculaire aiguĂ« se traduisant par une anĂ©mie hĂ©molytique, une insuffisance rĂ©nale aiguĂ« et une hypovolĂ©mie. Son diagnostic repose essentiellement sur la clinique notamment la couleur  des urines d'aspect rouge porto. Nous rapportons un cas de fiĂšvre bilieuse hĂ©moglobinurique chez un jeune garçon de 10 ans originaire et vivant dans une zone d'endĂ©mie palustre, colligĂ© dans un CHU de Dakar  (SĂ©nĂ©gal). V.G est un garçon de 10 ans qui Ă©tait hospitalisĂ© pendant 2 jours au service des urgences dans un centre de santĂ© de proximitĂ© pour une fiĂšvre associĂ©e Ă  des vomissements qui Ă©voluaient depuis 3 jours. Le test de diagnostic rapide (TDR) au paludisme Ă©tait positif Ă  la prĂ©sence d'antigĂšnes de   Plasmodium falciparum dans le sang. Un traitement Ă  base de quinine injectable (25 mg/kg/j), a Ă©té   entrepris pendant 03 jours. Au quatriĂšme jour, sont apparues une hĂ©molyse intravasculaire aiguĂ« et une  hĂ©moglobinurie avec une insuffisance rĂ©nale aiguĂ« anurique. La goutte Ă©paisse Ă©tait revenue nĂ©gative et le traitement par la quinine injectable arrĂȘtĂ©. Le relais a Ă©tĂ© fait avec les dĂ©rivĂ©s de l'artĂ©misinine. Trois  (03) sĂ©ances d'hĂ©modialyse ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. L'Ă©volution Ă©tait favorable, par la reprise de la diurĂšse et la normalisation de la fonction rĂ©nale. La FBH existe encore dans notre pratique quotidienne. Il faut y penser devant l'apparition brutale d'une hĂ©molyse avec insuffisance rĂ©nale aiguĂ« et urines rouges porto au cours du traitement d'un paludisme.Key words: Paludisme grave, hĂ©moglobinurie, quinin

    Changes in the Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Senegal After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction.

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    BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Senegal is part of World Health Organization-coordinated sentinel site surveillance for pediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance. We conducted this analysis to describe the epidemiology and etiology of bacterial meningitis among children less than 5 years in Senegal from 2010 and to 2016. METHODS: Children who met the inclusion criteria for suspected meningitis at the Centre Hospitalier National d'Enfants Albert Royer, Senegal, from 2010 to 2016 were included. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from suspected cases examined by routine bacteriology and molecular assays. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1013 children were admitted with suspected meningitis during the surveillance period. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus accounted for 66% (76/115), 25% (29/115), and 9% (10/115) of all confirmed cases, respectively. Most of the suspected cases (63%; 639/1013) and laboratory-confirmed (57%; 66/115) cases occurred during the first year of life. Pneumococcal meningitis case fatality rate was 6-fold higher than that of meningococcal meningitis (28% vs 5%). The predominant pneumococcal lineage causing meningitis was sequence type 618 (n = 7), commonly found among serotype 1 isolates. An ST 2174 lineage that included serotypes 19A and 23F was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a decline in pneumococcal meningitis post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Senegal. However, disease caused by pathogens covered by vaccines in widespread use still persists. There is need for continued effective monitoring of vaccine-preventable meningitis

    Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a chimpanzee adenovirus vectored Ebola vaccine in adults in Africa: a randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

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    BACKGROUND: The 2014 Zaire Ebola virus disease epidemic accelerated vaccine development for the virus. We aimed to assess the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of one dose of monovalent, recombinant, chimpanzee adenovirus type-3 vectored Zaire Ebola glycoprotein vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) in adults. METHODS: This phase 2, randomised, observer-blind, controlled trial was done in study centres in Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal. Healthy adults (≄18 years) were randomly assigned with a web-based system (1:1; minimisation procedure accounting for age, gender, centre) to receive ChAd3-EBO-Z (day 0), or saline placebo (day 0) and ChAd3-EBO-Z (month 6). The study was observer-blind until planned interim day 30 analysis, single-blind until month 6, and open-label after month 6 vaccination. Primary outcomes assessed in the total vaccinated cohort, which comprised all participants with at least one study dose administration documented, were serious adverse events (up to study end, month 12); and for a subcohort were solicited local or general adverse events (7 days post-vaccination), unsolicited adverse events (30 days post-vaccination), haematological or biochemical abnormalities, and clinical symptoms of thrombocytopenia (day 0-6). Secondary endpoints (subcohort; per-protocol cohort) evaluated anti-glycoprotein Ebola virus antibody titres (ELISA) pre-vaccination and 30 days post-vaccination. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02485301. FINDINGS: Between July 22, 2015, and Dec 10, 2015, 3030 adults were randomly assigned; 3013 were included in the total vaccinated cohort (1509 [50·1%] in the ChAd3-EBO-Z group and 1504 [49·9%] in the placebo/ChAd3-EBO-Z group), 17 were excluded because no vaccine was administered. The most common solicited injection site symptom was pain (356 [48%] of 748 in the ChAd3-EBO-Z group vs 57 [8%] of 751 in the placebo/ChAd3-EBO-Z group); the most common solicited general adverse event was headache (345 [46%] in the ChAd3-EBO-Z group vs 136 [18%] in the placebo/ChAd3-EBO-Z group). Unsolicited adverse events were reported by 123 (16%) of 749 in the ChAd3-EBO-Z group and 119 (16%) of 751 in the placebo/ChAd3-EBO-Z group. Serious adverse events were reported for 11 (1%) of 1509 adults in the ChAd3-EBO-Z group, and 18 (1%) of 1504 in the placebo/ChAd3-EBO-Z group; none were considered vaccination-related. No clinically meaningful thrombocytopenia was reported. At day 30, anti-glycoprotein Ebola virus antibody geometric mean concentration was 900 (95% CI 824-983) in the ChAd3-EBO-Z group. There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION: ChAd3-EBO-Z was immunogenic and well tolerated in adults. Our findings provide a strong basis for future development steps, which should concentrate on multivalent approaches (including Sudan and Marburg strains). Additionally, prime-boost approaches should be a focus with a ChAd3-based vaccine for priming and boosted by a modified vaccinia Ankara-based vaccine. FUNDING: EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA

    Impact de la pandémie à COVID-19 sur les activités du Service de Pédiatrie du Centre Hospitalier National dŽEnfants Albert Royer: étude préliminaire comparant les premiers trimestres des années 2019 et 2020

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    Introduction: lÂŽobjectif de cette Ă©tude est dÂŽĂ©valuer lÂŽimpact du COVID-19 sur les activitĂ©s de soins et les recettes au Centre Hospitalier National dÂŽEnfant Albert Royer de Dakar au SĂ©nĂ©gal. MĂ©thodes: il sÂŽagissait dÂŽune Ă©tude rĂ©trospective, descriptive et analytique comparant les activitĂ©s de consultations externes, dÂŽhospitalisation et les recettes du premier trimestre des annĂ©es 2019 et 2020. RĂ©sultats: une baisse moyenne de 33% des consultations externes a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e au premier trimestre de lÂŽannĂ©e 2020 correspondant Ă  la pĂ©riode de la pandĂ©mie comparĂ©e au premier trimestre de 2019. Une augmentation des hospitalisations Ă©tait observĂ©e surtout pour les mois de janvier et fĂ©vrier. Cependant, au mois de mars, une baisse de 11% Ă©tait notĂ©e. Il en est de mĂȘme pour les recettes oĂč une baisse nÂŽest observĂ©e quÂŽau mois de mars; elle Ă©tait de 10%. Conclusion: lÂŽĂ©pidĂ©mie actuelle au COVID-19 impacte fortement sur les activitĂ©s de consultations externes, de soins et les recettes du centre hospitalier national dÂŽEnfants Albert Royer. Des mesures efficaces doivent ĂȘtre prises pour Ă©viter les consĂ©quences sur la mortalitĂ© et le fonctionnement de la structure

    A Rare Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction in a Child

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    Ventricular band cyst is a rare condition in children but can result in severe upper airway obstruction with laryngeal dyspnea or death. The diagnosis should be considered in any stridor in children with previous history of intubation or respiratory infections. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl, received in an array of severe respiratory distress, emergency endoscopy was done, and a large ventricular tape band cyst obstructing the air way was found. Complete excision was made, and postoperative prophylaxis tracheotomy was done. The postoperative course was uneventful with improvement of clinical and endoscopic signs

    Connaissances des prestataires de soins sur la prescription de l’antibiothĂ©rapie dans les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s chez l’enfant dans les structures sanitaires de la rĂ©gion mĂ©dicale de Dakar, au SĂ©nĂ©gal: Knowledges of health workers on the prescription of antibotherapy in acute respiratory infections in children in Dakar sanitary structures, in Senegal

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    Context and objective.  Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are one of the first reasons for consultation in children and often result in a prescription of antibiotics. The present study aimed to evaluate knowledge of health workers on the ambulatory antibiotic prescription for ARI in children. Methods. This cross sectional study was a structured questionnaire-based survey on the knowledge, attitude and practice of health workers. The study was conducted in the Dakar medical region from July 13th to September 4th, 2018 and included health personnel that was qualified and authorized to prescribe drugs in children; trainees were excluded. Results. We interviewed 83 health professionals working in 20 health structures. Nearly 60% of them were general practitioners. Nasopharyngitis and angina were the most common ARIs. For all ARIs combined, antibiotics were prescribed in 72.8% of cases. These prescriptions were made in 100% of angina cases, 41% of rhinopharyngitis cases and 62% of bronchiolitis cases. Conclusion. Antibiotics are over-prescribed in ARF. The availability of precise algorithms for the management of ARF could reduce these antibiotic prescriptions and prevent the selection of multi-resistant germs. Contexte et objectif. Les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s (IRA) constituent l’un des premiers motifs de consultation chez l’enfant et occasionnent souvent une prescription d’antibiotiques. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer la prescription des antibiotiques en ambulatoire dans les IRA chez l’enfant. MĂ©thodes. Il s’agissait d’une enquĂȘte type CAP (connaissance, attitude et pratique) du 13 juillet au 4 septembre 2018, menĂ©e au niveau de la rĂ©gion mĂ©dicale de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tout personnel de santĂ© qualifiĂ© et habilitĂ© Ă  faire des prescriptions chez l’enfant; les stagiaires Ă©taient exclus. RĂ©sultats. Nous avons interrogĂ© 83 professionnels de santĂ© exerçant dans 20 structures sanitaires. PrĂšs de 60% des professionnels interrogĂ©s Ă©taient des mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes. La rhinopharyngite et les angines Ă©taient les IRA les plus frĂ©quentes. Pour toutes les IRA confondues, les antibiotiques ont Ă©tĂ© prescrits dans 72,8% des cas. Ces prescriptions Ă©taient faites dans 100% des cas d’angine, 41% des rhinopharyngites et 62% des bronchiolites. Conclusion. Les antibiotiques sont surprescrits dans les IRA qui sont majoritairement virales. La mise Ă  disposition d’algorithme prĂ©cis sur la prise en charge des IRA pourrait diminuer ces prescriptions d’antibiotiques et prĂ©venir la sĂ©lection de germes multirĂ©sistants
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