Dry mass (A), protein (B), glycogen (C), and triglycerides (D) content for F₁ from isofemale lines of <i>D. melanogaster</i> raised on HPS or LPS diets.

<p>Values (means ± standard errors) are given for each isofemale line (numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) and sex, F = female and M = male.</p

ANOVA of mean number of eggs laid by F₁ females in four days after a single mating.

*<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>P</i><0.001.</p

Distribution of male-killing and non-male-killing Spiroplasma in natural populations of <i>Drosophila</i> species surveyed to date.

<p>The phylogenetic relationships of <i>Drosophila</i> are represented as a cladogram based on Markow & O'Grady <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005703#pone.0005703-Markow1" target="_blank">[20]</a> Non-male-killing <i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected species are colored in red and male-killing <i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected species are in blue.</p

Frequency of infection in populations of <i>D hydei</i> and of <i>D mojavensis</i>

<p>Frequency of infection in populations of <i>D hydei</i> and of <i>D mojavensis</i></p

Preadult Parental Diet Affects Offspring Development and Metabolism in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

<div><p>When <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> larvae are reared on isocaloric diets differing in their amounts of protein relative to sugar, emerging adults exhibit significantly different development times and metabolic pools of protein, glycogen and trigylcerides. In the current study, we show that the influence of larval diet experienced during just one generation extends into the next generation, even when that subsequent generation had been shifted to a standard diet during development. Offspring of flies that were reared on high protein relative to sugar underwent metamorphosis significantly faster, had higher reproductive outputs, and different metabolic pool contents compared to the offspring of adults from low protein relative to sugar diets. In addition, isofemale lines differed in the degree to which parental effects were observed, suggesting a genetic component to the observed transgenerational influences.</p> </div

<i>Drosophila</i> species screened, dates and locations of collection.

<p><i>Drosophila</i> species screened, dates and locations of collection.</p

ANOVA of glycogen content for F₁ from isofemale lines of <i>D. melanogaster</i> raised on larval diets HPS and LPS.

*<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>P</i><0.001.</p

ANOVA of triglyceride content for F₁ from isofemale lines of <i>D. melanogaster</i> raised on larval diets HPS and LPS.

*<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>P</i><0.001.</p

ANOVA of protein content for F₁ from isofemale lines of <i>D. melanogaster</i> raised on larval diets HPS and LPS.

*<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>P</i><0.001.</p

Frequency of <i>Spiroplasma</i> infection in wild-caught <i>Drosophila.</i>

<p>The phylogenetic relationships of <i>Drosophila</i> are represented as a cladogram based on Markow & O'Grady <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005703#pone.0005703-Markow1" target="_blank">[20] </a><i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected species are colored in red.</p