Epidemiologic aspects of the rabies in the state of Espirito Santo 1991 - 2002

Com o objetivo de conhecer e descrever a distribuição temporal e espacial da Raiva no Estado do Espírito Santo, foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo, no período de 1991 a 2002. Foram analisadas as fichas de notificação de casos de Raiva humana, no período de 1970 a 2002, e os resultados dos diagnósticos de Raiva provenientes do laboratório de referencia (IBEES), no período de 1991 a 2002, e as fichas VE-7 que contem as atividades desenvolvidas no atendimento profilático humano e na profilaxia da Raiva animal. Foram estruturados bancos de dados com recursos do programa Epi Info, que foram analisados pelo programa SPSS. Registrou-se uma redução nos casos humanos (75%) e caninos, em metade da serie analisada. No final do período estudado, houve um recrudescimento na região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória. A doença atingiu 76,66% de homens e 23,33% em mulheres, e 66,67%, na faixa etária entre zero e 15 anos. A mordedura (94%) de cão foi a forma mais freqüente de transmissão. Foi observados tendência crescente anual de diagnósticos positivos e municípios novos envolvidos na Raiva bovina, caracterizando sua expansão. O programa atendeu cerca de 8.200 pessoas agredi das por animais e vacinou cerca de 350.000 cães anualmente. O recrudescimento da Raiva em área urbana e a persistência da transmissão entre animais domésticos apontam a necessidade de revisão e ajustes nas estratégias adotadas para o controle da Raiva no Estado do Espírito Santo.In order to know and describe the rabies temporal and spatial distribution in the state of Espirito Santo, that was made a retrospective, observational study in the period from 1970 to 2002, and the rabies diagnostic results proceeding from the reference laboratory (IBEES), in the period from 1991 to 2002, and the cards VE-7 that contain the developed activities in human prophylactic assistance and in the animal rabies prophylaxis. Database was structured with EPI INFO program resources that were analyzed by SPSS program. It was registered a decrease in human (75%) and canine cases, in half of the analyzed series. In the end of the studied period, there was a recrudescence in the Metropolitan Region of Grande Vitória. The disease reached 76,66% of men and 23,33% of women and 66,67% above the ages between 0 and 15 years old. The dog bite (94%) was the most frequent transmission form. It was observed annual increasing tendency of positive diagnostic and new municipality involved in bovine rabies, charaeterizing it\'s expansion. The program took care of approximately 8.200 people attacked by animals, and vaccined approximately 350.000 dogs yearly. The recrudescence of rabies in urban area and the constancy of transmission amongst domestic animals, point out the revision and adjustment necessities in the adopted strategies to the rabies control in the state of Espirito Santo

Yellow fever outbreak in a rural-urban mixed community of Espírito Santo, Brazil: epidemiological aspects

Objective. To describe the epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) that occurred in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 1 January 2017 – 31 July 2017. Methods. A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective approach analyzed secondary data obtained from the national notification systems, Information System of Diseases Notifications (SINAN), Laboratory Environment Manager (GAL), and the Espírito Santo Health Secretariat (SESA). Results. From 1 January 2017 – 8 July 2017, a total of 824 cases were reported in Espírito Santo, 307 (37%) of which were confirmed as YF. Of these, 95 (30.9%) died from the disease. Men were those most affected, corresponding to 244 (79.5%) cases, and women to 63 (20.5%) cases. The greatest incidence rate registered was in the city of Santa Leopoldina (380.2 cases/100 000 inhabitants). The outbreak evolved rapidly and a response was possible due to a multidisciplinary group created specifically to tackle the YF outbreak. Conclusions. The data were received and analyzed quickly and the response, consisting of immediate treatment of the cases and a blocking vaccination strategy, was developed to halt the progression of this fatal disease. In spite of these efforts, the case fatality rate of yellow fever remained high