ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF VITEX THYRSIFLORA LEAVES ON DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Vitex thyrsiflora Baker (Verbenaceae) is a glabrous under shrub that is widely distributed in Cameroon. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a source of increased oxidative stress and tissue oxidative damage. The objective of current study was to estimate the antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidant potential of ethanol extract of Vitex thyrsiflora leaves on diabetic rats Methods: The antihyperglycemic effect of an ethanol extract of Vitex thyrsiflora leaves was investigated in normal male rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats and its antioxidant potential was evaluated. After preparation of the extract, it was subjected to a phytochemistry screening, and tested on male rats made hyperglycemic in the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (10 mg/Kg) was served as a positive control in both experiments. The evaluation of the antioxidant potential was done through the determination of the total polyphenols and total flavonoid contents, and by using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and the free radical scavenging activity on DPPH method. Results: The results show that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and phenolic compounds. The test on hyperglycemic rats in OGTT showed that, the extract was effective (at a dose of 200 mg/Kg) to significantly decreased glucose-induced hyperglycemia (**p ˂ 0.01). The extract was ineffective on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The study of the antioxidant potential showed that, polyphenols and flavonoids increase with the concentration of the extracts. IC50 value was found to be 65.97, based on the log (inhibitor) vs. normalized response-Variable slope. Conclusion: FRAP appears to be significantly highly correlated with total polyphenols content and total flavonoids content. This shows that the ethanol extract of V. thyrsiflora leaves could be served to prevent acute hyperglycema, but not a chronic hyperglycemic state.   Peer Review History: Received 28 May 2018;   Revised 24 June; Accepted 4 July, Available online 15 July 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] Similar Articles: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF VITAMIN-E AND RED DATES IN PLACEBO AND TESTED GROUPS OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENT

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the extract and some flavonoids from aerial parts of Echinops Gracilis O. Hoffm. (Asteraceae)

Mortality due to microbial diseases continues to be a major problem in many developing countries. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethyl acetate extract and some isolated compounds from aerial parts of Echinops gracilis. The phytochemical study resulted in the isolation of a new flavonoid derivative named apigenin-7-O-(4″-feruloyl)-β-D-glucoside (1), together with 2 known compounds: apigenin-7-O-(4″-trans-p-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucoside (2), and apigenin-7-O-glucoside (3). Their chemical structures were determined using a combination of NMR and IR spectroscopic and MS techniques, as well as by comparison with literature data. The extract and isolates were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxydant properties. The EtOAc extract and compounds 1 and 2 showed the ability to scavenge 2,2′-zino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS) with scavenging concentration (SC50) values of 13.6 ± 0.8 µg/mL, 108.2 ± 4.3 µg/mL, and 28.5 ± 2.2 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, compound 1 displayed significant activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 31.2, 15.6, and 31.2 µg/mL respectively.https://journals.sagepub.com/home/npxhj2022Chemistr

SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors from the stem barks of Discoglypremna caloneura (Pax) Prain (Euphorbiaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) and their molecular docking investigation

Abstract The main viral protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 provides an excellent target for antivirals, due to its essential and conserved function in the viral replication cycle. We reported in this study, the SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitory effect of twelve compounds isolated from D. caloneura and P. erinaceus together with four derivatives. Among the effectively tested samples, two derivatized compounds displayed significant improvement on the activity from the starting material, friedelin (1) through the acetoreduced (2) to the acetoxy product (3) with respective IC50 values of 42.89, 29.69 and 19.39 µg/mL. The latter displayed the highest activity although lower as compared to that of baicalein, the positive control with IC50 0.41 µg/mL. The molecular docking study showed that an increase in the number of hydrogen bonds between compounds and active site of Mpro resulted in increased inhibition. Graphical Abstrac