Immunohistochemical evaluation of bone metastases

  Introduction. Metastases are the most common type of malignancy involving the bone, while bone is the third most frequent site for metastases, after the lung and liver. In some patients, medical history, physical and laboratory exami­nation are not conclusive to identify the primary tumor site. In such cases a bone biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis may contribute to the diagnosis, determination of appropriate treatment and evaluation of prognosis. In this study, we tried to evaluate the imunochistochemical expression in bone metastases. Material and methods. We reviewed 125 patients, with a mean age of 63 years, treated for bone metastases in our institution. All patients received palliative orthopaedic surgery for bone metastatic carcinoma. Fifty-eight patients had already an established diagnosis of the primary tumor, while 67 patients presented metastases with an unknown primary tumor origin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to intra-operative bone biopsy specimens. The expression of cytokeratine 7, cytokeratin 20 and the expression of a panel of other organ-specific markers were re­corded. In patients with a known primary tumor, we examined the relationship between the origin of metastases, as suggested by the cytokeratin phenotype, compared with the one indicated by the initial histological diagnosis. We also recorded the efficacy of organ-specific markers to identify the primary tumor origin in epithelial bone metastases and we evaluated the prognosis between patients with a immunohistologically determined primary tumor origin, with those with an undetermined one. Results. Associations of cytokeratine 7 and cytokeratine 20 expression confirmed diagnosis in 51 out of the 58 patients (88%) with a known primary tumor (Cohen’s K test 0.79 SE 0.80, P < 0.0005). Immunohistochemical analysis also contributed to establish the diagnosis of patients with an unknown primary tumor, yielding diagnosis in 35 out of the 67 cases (52%). Patients with an immunochistologically undetermined primary tumor site presented a statisti­cally significant poorer prognosis. Conclusions. Cytokeratine 7 and cytokeratine20 are useful immunochistochemical markers in determining a pre­liminary evaluation of bone metastases. Organ-specific immunohistochemical markers have a reliable role in either suggesting or confirming the possible origin of metastases. An indeterminate immunohistochemical phenotype seems to relate to a less differentiated lesion, with a worse prognosis

Immunohistochemical evaluation of bone metastases

  Introduction. Metastases are the most common type of malignancy involving the bone, while bone is the third most frequent site for metastases, after the lung and liver. In some patients, previous medical history, physical and laboratory examination are not conclusive to identify the primary tumor site. In such cases a bone biopsy and im­munohistochemical analysis may contribute to the diagnosis, determination of appropriate treatment and evaluation of prognosis. In this study, we tried to evaluate the imunochistochemical expression in bone metastases. Material and methods. We reviewed 125 patients, with a mean age of 63 years, treated for bone metastases in our institution. All patients received palliative orthopaedic surgery for bone metastatic carcinoma. Fifty-eight patients had already an established diagnosis of the primary tumor, while 67 patients presented metastases with an unknown primary tumor origin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to intra-operative bone biopsy specimens. The expression of cytokeratine 7, cytokeratin 20 and the expression of a panel of other organ-specific markers were re­corded. In patients with a known primary tumor, we examined the relationship between the origin of metastases, as suggested by the cytokeratin phenotype, compared with the one indicated by the initial histological diagnosis. We also recorded the efficacy of organ-specific markers to identify the primary tumor origin in epithelial bone metastases and we evaluated the prognosis between patients with a immunohistologically determined primary tumor origin, with those with an undetermined one. Results. Associations of cytokeratine 7 and cytokeratine 20 expression confirmed diagnosis in 51 out of the 58 patients (88%) with a known primary tumor (Cohen’s K test 0.79 SE 0.80, P < 0.0005). Immunohistochemical analysis also contributed to establish the diagnosis of patients with an unknown primary tumor, yielding diagnosis in 35 out of the 67 cases (52%). Patients with an immunochistologically undetermined primary tumor site presented a statisti­cally significant poorer prognosis. Conclusions. Cytokeratine 7 and cytokeratine20 are useful immunochistochemical markers in determining a pre­liminary evaluation of bone metastases. Organ-specific immunohistochemical markers have a reliable role in either suggesting or confirming the possible origin of metastases. An indeterminate immunohistochemical phenotype seems to relate to a less differentiated lesion, with a worse prognosis. Introduction. Metastases are the most common type of malignancy involving the bone, while bone is the third most frequent site for metastases, after the lung and liver. In some patients, previous medical history, physical and laboratory examination are not conclusive to identify the primary tumor site. In such cases a bone biopsy and im­munohistochemical analysis may contribute to the diagnosis, determination of appropriate treatment and evaluation of prognosis. In this study, we tried to evaluate the imunochistochemical expression in bone metastases. Material and methods. We reviewed 125 patients, with a mean age of 63 years, treated for bone metastases in our institution. All patients received palliative orthopaedic surgery for bone metastatic carcinoma. Fifty-eight patients had already an established diagnosis of the primary tumor, while 67 patients presented metastases with an unknown primary tumor origin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to intra-operative bone biopsy specimens. The expression of cytokeratine 7, cytokeratin 20 and the expression of a panel of other organ-specific markers were re­corded. In patients with a known primary tumor, we examined the relationship between the origin of metastases, as suggested by the cytokeratin phenotype, compared with the one indicated by the initial histological diagnosis. We also recorded the efficacy of organ-specific markers to identify the primary tumor origin in epithelial bone metastases and we evaluated the prognosis between patients with a immunohistologically determined primary tumor origin, with those with an undetermined one. Results. Associations of cytokeratine 7 and cytokeratine 20 expression confirmed diagnosis in 51 out of the 58 patients (88%) with a known primary tumor (Cohen’s K test 0.79 SE 0.80, P < 0.0005). Immunohistochemical analysis also contributed to establish the diagnosis of patients with an unknown primary tumor, yielding diagnosis in 35 out of the 67 cases (52%). Patients with an immunochistologically undetermined primary tumor site presented a statisti­cally significant poorer prognosis. Conclusions. Cytokeratine 7 and cytokeratine20 are useful immunochistochemical markers in determining a pre­liminary evaluation of bone metastases. Organ-specific immunohistochemical markers have a reliable role in either suggesting or confirming the possible origin of metastases. An indeterminate immunohistochemical phenotype seems to relate to a less differentiated lesion, with a worse prognosis

Προ και μετά Covid-19 σύνθεση σώματος και φυσιολογικές παράμετροι σε επιλεγμένους νεαρούς παίκτες πετοσφαίρισης

Σκοπός: Η μελέτη της επίδρασης διαδικτυακών προπονήσεων κατά τη διάρκεια της καραντίνας λόγω Covid-19 για την αντιστροφή των αρνητικών επιδράσεων της αποπροπόνησης στη σύσταση του σώματος και σε φυσιολογικές ικανότητες αθλητριών πετοσφαίρισης . Υλικό & Μέθοδος: 10 αθλήτριες πετοσφαίρισης 15,15 (±0,63) ετών, με ανάστημα181,03(±7,54)cm και ωματικό βάρος 69,3 (±8,3)kg μέλη της εθνικής ομάδας κορασίδων, που συμμετείχαν σε προπόνηση 5 φορές την εβδομάδα και αγωνίζονταν στο πρωτάθλημα της ηλικιακής τους κατηγορίας, και με προπονητική εμπειρία τουλάχιστον 5 ετών συμμετείχαν εθελοντικά στη μελέτη. Μετρήθηκαν τα ανθρωπομετρικά χαρακτηριστικά τους, σύσταση σώματος, η αλτική τους ικανότητα, η δύναμη έσω και έξω στροφής του ώμου και του κορμού σε ισοκινητικό μηχάνημα ένα μήνα πριν από την καραντίνα και αμέσως μετά τη λήξη της (50 ημέρες). . Στο μεσοδιάστημα έγινε διαδικτυακή άσκηση 3 φορές την εβδομάδα. Το πρόγραμμα περιελάμβανε εναλλακτικές συνεδρίες 3x30 λεπτών με διάστημα 5 λεπτών μεταξύ των συνεδριών, προπόνηση αντίστασης, διατατικές ασκήσεις, λειτουργική προπόνηση και αερόβια άσκηση. Τα αποτελέσματα μελετήθηκαν μέσω χρήσης του λογισμικού SPSS, και για την ανάλυση θα χρησιμοποιήθηκε το paired t-test για τα αποτελέσματα των μετρήσεων πριν και μετά από την παρέμβαση μας. Αποτελέσματα:Το ύψος, το σωματικό βάρος και το BMI δεν παρουσίασαν σημαντικές αλλαγές, ενώ το ποσοστό λίπους αυξήθηκε σημαντικά κατά 4,93% (p=0,0051). Η δύναμη της εξω και της εσω στροφής του ώμου δεν παρουσίασαν στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ πριν και μετά από 50 ημέρες καραντίνας (p=0,4 και 0,1 αντίστοιχα). Διαπιστώθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στο άλμα αντίστροφης κίνησης (p=0,0473) και στο ελεύθερο άλμα αντίστροφης κίνησης (p=0,0085) μεταξύ πριν και μετά από 50 ημέρες καραντίνας. Δεν υπήρξε σημαντική διαφορά στο άλμα από βαθύ κάθισμα(p=0,6734). Υπήρχε μια στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στη δύναμη της έκτασης του κορμού (p=0,0071), αλλά όχι στη δύναμη της κάμψης του κορμού (p=0,37) μεταξύ πριν και μετά από 50 ημέρες καραντίνας. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ Εφαρμόζοντας ένα κατάλληλο διαδικτυακό πρόγραμμα προπόνησης, ακολουθούμενο από τους αθλητές, μπορεί να περιοριστεί η επίδραση στα σωματικά χαρακτηριστικά και η διατήρηση της καλής απόδοσης εξαρτάται επίσης από την προηγούμενη νευρομυϊκή και προπονητική κατάσταση.PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the effect of online training sessions during the Covid-19 quarantine to reverse the negative effects of detraining on body composition and physiological abilities in female volleyball players. METHODS Ten female volleyball players, 15.15 (±0.63) years old, with a height of 181.03 (±7.54)cm and a body weight of 69.3 (±8.3)kg, members of the girls' national team, who participated in training 5 times per week and competing in the league of their age category, and with at least 5 years of coaching experience, volunteered to participate in the study. Their anthropometric characteristics, body composition, jumping ability, shoulder and trunk internal and external rotation strength were measured in an isokinetic machine one month before the quarantine and immediately after it ended (50 days). In the interval there was an online exercise 3 times a week. The program consisted of alternating 3x30-minute sessions with a 5-minute interval between sessions, resistance training, stretching exercises, functional training and aerobic exercise. The results were studied through the use of SPSS software, and for the analysis the paired t-test will be used for the results of the measurements before and after our intervention. RESULTS Height, body weight and BMI showed no significant changes, while percentage fat increased significantly by 4.93% (p=0.0051). Shoulder external and internal rotation torque did not show any statistically significant difference between before and after 50 days of quarantine (p=0,4 and 0,1 respectively). A statistically significant difference was found in countermovement jump (p=0,0473) and free countermovement jump (p=0,0085) between before and after 50 days of quarantine. There was no significant difference in squat jump (p=0,6734). There was a statistically significant difference in core extension strength (p=0,0071), but not in core flexion strength (p=0,37) between before and after 50 days of quarantine. COCNCLUSION By applying a proper online training program, followed by the athletes, the impairment of physical characteristics can be limited, and the maintenance of good performance also depends on the previous neuromuscular and training condition

Pioneer Female Orthopedic Surgeons as Role Models

Maud Forrester-Brown in the United Kingdom (1921), Marika Daniilidou in Greece (1932), Ruth Jackson in the United States (1932), Loris Figgins in Australia (1957), and Lvalina Burger in South Africa (1993) all chose to specialize in orthopedics. Although there are dynamic female leaders in orthopedic surgery, the field continues to present obstacles to women. Role models, mentors, and exposure to the field have been lacking for women. Although improvements have occurred in the past few decades, further changes are necessary to attract, develop, and retain qualified female candidates