1,858 research outputs found
Disc-protoplanet interaction Influence of circumprimary radiative discs on self-gravitating protoplanetary bodies in binary star systems
Context. More than 60 planets have been discovered so far in systems that
harbour two stars, some of which have binary semi-major axes as small as 20 au.
It is well known that the formation of planets in such systems is strongly
influenced by the stellar components, since the protoplanetary disc and the
particles within are exposed to the gravitational influence of the binary.
However, the question on how self-gravitating protoplanetary bodies affect the
evolution of a radiative, circumprimary disc is still open. Aims. We present
our 2D hydrodynamical GPU-CPU code and study the interaction of several
thousands of self-gravitating particles with a viscous and radiative
circumprimary disc within a binary star system. To our knowledge this program
is the only one at the moment that is capable to handle this many particles and
to calculate their influence on each other and on the disc. Methods. We
performed hydrodynamical simulations of a circumstellar disc assuming the
binary system to be coplanar. Our gridbased staggered mesh code relies on ideas
from ZEUS-2D, where we implemented the FARGO algorithm and an additional energy
equation for the radiative cooling according to opacity tables. To treat
particle motion we used a parallelised version of the precise Bulirsch - Stoer
algorithm. Four models in total where computed taking into account (i) only
N-body interaction, (ii) N-body and disc interaction, (iii) the influence of
computational parameters (especially smoothing) on N-body interaction, and (iv)
the influence of a quiet low-eccentricity disc while running model (ii). The
impact velocities where measured at two different time intervals and were
compared. Results. We show that the combination of disc- and N-body
self-gravity can have a significant influence on the orbit evolution of roughly
Moon sized protoplanets
More Migrants with Nowhere to Go?
In More Migrants with Nowhere to Go?” Mary Theis reframes the stories of the Tai Dam and discusses this group of people, who migrated from Vietnam and Laos to Thailand and then to Iowa in 1975 after the wars in Southeast Asia when they virtually had nowhere to go. It is based on interviews with some of the 1,200 Tai Dam who were invited by Governor Robert Ray to resettle in Des Moines, Iowa, and nearby cities. The stories are contextualized by research on U.S. policies on immigration and the current precarious fates of other migrants in the United States to reflect not only upon just how many in the United States appear to be retreating from its raison d’être but also upon potential reactions to the inevitable and not-so-distant demographic consequences of climate change
Shut-In? Impact of Chronic Conditions on Community Participation Restriction among Older Adults
Community participation may be especially important for older adults, who are often at risk for unwanted declines in participation. We estimated the prevalence of community participation restriction (PR) due to perceived environmental barriers among older adults (≥50 years) and compared the impact among those with selected chronic conditions. Individuals with low-prevalence conditions reported high community PR (9.1–20.4%), while those with highly prevalent conditions (e.g., arthritis) had relatively low community PR (5.1–10.0%) but represented the greatest absolute numbers of condition-associated burden (>1 million). Across all conditions, more than half of those with community PR reported being restricted “always or often.” Community PR most often resulted from modifiable environmental barriers. Promising targets to reduce community PR among adults ≥50 years with chronic conditions, particularly arthritis, include building design, sidewalks/curbs, crowd control, and interventions that improve the built environment
Atom-molecule dark states in a Bose-Einstein condensate
We have created a dark quantum superposition state of a Rb Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC) and a degenerate gas of Rb ground state molecules in a
specific ro-vibrational state using two-color photoassociation. As a signature
for the decoupling of this coherent atom-molecule gas from the light field we
observe a striking suppression of photoassociation loss. In our experiment the
maximal molecule population in the dark state is limited to about 100 Rb
molecules due to laser induced decay. The experimental findings can be well
described by a simple three mode model.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
The Star Clusters in the Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449
We examine the star clusters in the irregular galaxy NGC 4449. We use a
near-infrared spectrum and broad-band images taken with the HST to place a
limit of 8--15 Myrs on the age of the bright central ojbect in NGC 4449. Its
luminosity and size suggest that it is comparable to young super star clusters.
However, there is a peculiar nucleated-bar structure at the center of this star
cluster, and we suggest that this structure is debris from the interaction that
has produced the counter-rotating gas systems and extended gas streamers in the
galaxy.
From the images we identify 60 other candidate compact star clusters in NGC
4449. Fourteen of these could be background elliptical galaxies or old globular
star clusters. Of the star clusters, three, in addition to the central object,
are potentially super star clusters, and many others are comparable to the
populous clusters found in the LMC. The star clusters span a large range in
ages with no obvious peak in cluster formation that might be attributed to the
interaction that the galaxy has experienced.Comment: To be published in PASP, Feb. 2001; also attainable from
ftp.lowell.edu, cd pub/dah/n4449pape
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The occipital lateral plate mesoderm is a novel source for vertebrate neck musculature
In vertebrates, body musculature originates from somites, whereas head muscles originate from the cranial mesoderm. Neck muscles are located in the transition between these regions. We show that the chick occipital lateral plate mesoderm has myogenic capacity and gives rise to large muscles located in the neck and thorax. We present molecular and genetic evidence to show that these muscles not only have a unique origin, but additionally display a distinct temporal development, forming later than any other muscle group described to date. We further report that these muscles, found in the body of the animal, develop
like head musculature rather than deploying the programme used by the trunk muscles. Using mouse genetics we reveal that these muscles are formed in trunk muscle mutants but are absent in head muscle mutants. In concordance with this conclusion, their connective tissue is neural crest in origin. Finally, we provide evidence that the mechanism by which these neck muscles develop is conserved in vertebrates
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