8 research outputs found
Role of Progesterone Receptor Polymorphisms in the Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions: Indian Case
Background: We attempt to ascertain if the 3 linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Progesterone Recepto
An Inducible and Secreted Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Promotes Intracellular Survival and Pathogenesis
Eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinases (eSTKs) constitute an important family of bacterial virulence factors. Genome analysis had predicted putative eSTKs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, although their functional characterization and the elucidation of their role in pathogenesis are still awaited. We show here that the primary sequence and secondary structure of the t4519
locus of Salmonella Typhi Ty2 have all the signatures of eukaryotic superfamily kinases. t4519 encodes a�39-kDa protein (T4519), which shows serine/threonine kinase activities in vitro. Recombinant T4519 (rT4519) is autophosphorylated and phosphorylates the universal substrate myelin basic protein. Infection of macrophages results in decreased viability of the mutant (Ty2�t4519) strain, which is reversed by gene complementation. Moreover, reactive oxygen species produced by the macrophages signal to the bacteria to induce T4519, which is translocated to the host cell cytoplasm. That T4519 may target a host substrate(s) is further supported by the activation of host cellular signaling pathways and the induction of cytokines/chemokines.Finally, the role of T4519 in the pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhi is underscored by the significantly decreased mortality of mice
infected with the Ty2�t4519 strain and the fact that the competitive index of this strain for causing systemic infection is 0.25% that of the wild-type strain. This study characterizes the first eSTK of Salmonella Typhi and demonstrates its role in promoting phagosomal survival of the bacteria within macrophages, which is a key determinant of pathogenesis. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study to describe the essential role of eSTKs in the in vivo pathogenesis of Salmonella spp
An Inducible and Secreted Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Promotes Intracellular Survival and Pathogenesis
Gel picture showing bands for homozygotes (T1) allele, heterozygotes (T1/T2), and homozygote (T2) allele run on 2% agarose.
<p>Lane 3, 4, 5, and 6 are heterozygotes, and lane 13 is homozygous for the T2 allele and the remaining are homozygous for the T1 allele.</p
Genotype distribution of the PR mutations; (*1) wild type (G1031, G1978, and C2310) and (*2) mutant allele.
<p>Genotype distribution of the PR mutations; (*1) wild type (G1031, G1978, and C2310) and (*2) mutant allele.</p
LD plot showing the confidence bounds color scheme where dark grey suggests strong evidence of LD and light grey suggests an uninformative status of LD.
<p>The analysis reveals that exons 4 and 5 inherit as an LD Block.</p
Genotype distribution of PROGINS insertion; (T1) wild type (no insertion) and (T2) insertion allele.
<p>Genotype distribution of PROGINS insertion; (T1) wild type (no insertion) and (T2) insertion allele.</p
Odds ratio for the *2 allele in RSA pooled samples and in the 2–3 abortions.
<p>Odds ratio for the *2 allele in RSA pooled samples and in the 2–3 abortions.</p