Non-Competition Agreements Under Vietnamese Law: Protection of Trade Secrets and Free Choice of Employment as Two Sides of the Same Coin

If you ask many employers in Vietnam why they use non-competition agreements (noncompetes), they will confidently tell you that they are trying to protect their legitimate ownership interests. However, what they are less confident about is the legal enforceability of noncompetes. Such uncertainty hurts both employers and employees. The ambiguity regarding the enforceability of noncompetes not only discourages employers from bringing trade secrets into Vietnam but also deprives employees of opportunities for employer investment and personal development. In this article, we argue that noncompetes should be enforceable in Vietnam. However, noncompetes should be binding only if they are necessary to protect an employer’s trade secret(s). This article proposes that the employer must establish this necessity by satisfying the following five-element test. First, the employer has a protectable trade secret. Second, the employee performs work related to such trade secret. Third, the employer sufficiently informs the employee about the noncompete before the employee signs it. Fourth, the noncompete is reasonably limited in scope. Fifth, the employer offers separate consideration to the employee for signing the noncompete

Numerical simulation of cavitating two-phase gas-liquid three-dimensional flow in a duct of varying cross-section based on homogenous mixture model

The paper presents a numerical method to simulate two-phase turbulent cavitating flows in ducts of varying cross-section usually faced in engineering. The method is based on solution of two-phase Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations of two-phase mixture. The numerical method uses artificial compressibility algorithm extended to unsteady flows with dual-time technique. The discreted method employs an implicit, characteristic-based upwind differencing scheme in the curvilinear grid systems. Numerical simulation of an unsteady three-dimensional two-phase cavitating flow in a duct of varying cross-section with available experiment was performed. The unsteady important characteristics of the unsteady flow can be observed in results of numerical simulation. Comparison of predicted results with experimental data for time-averaged velocity and phase fraction are provided

Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions in Rainfall-Induced Landslide Prediction: A Comprehensive Review

Rainfall-induced landslides threaten lives and properties globally. To address this, researchers have developed various methods and models that forecast the likelihood and behavior of rainfall-induced landslides. These methodologies and models can be broadly classified into three categories: empirical, physical-based, and machine-learning approaches. However, these methods have limitations in terms of data availability, accuracy, and applicability. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of rainfall-induced landslide prediction methods, focusing on the methods, models, and challenges involved. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of existing prediction techniques and the identification of their limitations. By synthesizing a vast body of research, it highlights emerging trends and advancements, providing a holistic perspective on the subject matter. The analysis points out that future research opportunities lie in interdisciplinary collaborations, advanced data integration, remote sensing, climate change impact analysis, numerical modeling, real-time monitoring, and machine learning improvements. In conclusion, the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides is a complex and multifaceted challenge, and no single approach is universally superior. Integrating different methods and leveraging emerging technologies offer the best way forward for improving accuracy and reliability in landslide prediction, ultimately enhancing our ability to manage and mitigate this geohazard

Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions in Rainfall-Induced Landslide Prediction: A Comprehensive Review

Rainfall-induced landslides threaten lives and properties globally. To address this, researchers have developed various methods and models that forecast the likelihood and behavior of rainfall-induced landslides. These methodologies and models can be broadly classified into three categories: empirical, physical-based, and machine-learning approaches. However, these methods have limitations in terms of data availability, accuracy, and applicability. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of rainfall-induced landslide prediction methods, focusing on the methods, models, and challenges involved. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of existing prediction techniques and the identification of their limitations. By synthesizing a vast body of research, it highlights emerging trends and advancements, providing a holistic perspective on the subject matter. The analysis points out that future research opportunities lie in interdisciplinary collaborations, advanced data integration, remote sensing, climate change impact analysis, numerical modeling, real-time monitoring, and machine learning improvements. In conclusion, the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides is a complex and multifaceted challenge, and no single approach is universally superior. Integrating different methods and leveraging emerging technologies offer the best way forward for improving accuracy and reliability in landslide prediction, ultimately enhancing our ability to manage and mitigate this geohazard

MÔ PHỎNG PHÂN BỐ VÀ KHẢ NĂNG CHỊU TẢI ĐỐI VỚI CHẤT LƠ LỬNG KHU VỰC ĐẦM CẦU HAI - TỈNH THỪA THIÊN-HUẾ BẰNG MÔ HÌNH TOÁN

By applying of regression methods to assimilate data for suspended particulate matter as the input data to mathematical model, the paper presents the results on the distribution and carrying capacity of suspended particulate matter in Cau Hai lagoon, Thua Thien-Hue province during the dry season (7/2013) and rainy season (10/2013). The initial simulation show that the water exchange in Cau Hai lagoon is weak in comparsion with that in Thuy Tu lagoon as well as Tam Giang lagoon, leading the distribution of suspended particulate matter to be dominated by seasonal and the suspended particulate matter from Truoi river. The overall mean concentration of suspended particulate matter is 30 g/m3 during dry season and 48 g/m3 in the rainy season. Notably, the carrying capacity of suspended particulate matter in Cau Hai lagoon is very low in the rainy season, with the remaining capacity of receiving being only 4%. Therefore, a small increase in the suspended particulate matter can result in the overload of suspended particulate matter in Cau Hai region.Ứng dụng phương pháp hồi quy đơn trong việc đồng hóa số liệu đối với chất lơ lửng làm đầu vào cho mô hình toán, bài báo đã đưa ra những kết quả về phân bố và khả năng chịu tải chất lơ lửng tại khu vực đầm Cầu Hai tỉnh Thừa Thiên-Huế trong mùa khô (7/2013) và mùa mưa (10/2013). Các kết quả mô phỏng ban đầu cho thấy, sự trao đổi nước trong khu vực đầm Cầu Hai là yếu so với sự trao đổi nước ở đầm Thủy Tú cũng như đầm Tam Giang, dẫn tới sự phân bố chất lơ lửng trong đầm chủ yếu bị chi phối theo mùa và phụ thuộc vào nguồn chất lơ lửng từ sông Truồi đưa ra. Hàm lượng chất lơ lửng trung bình toàn đầm đạt 30 g/m3 vào mùa khô và 48 g/m3 vào mùa mưa. Đáng chú ý là khả năng chịu tải chất lơ lửng đối với đầm Cầu Hai trong mùa mưa là rất thấp, khả năng tiếp nhận chỉ còn 4%. Bởi vậy chỉ cần một tác động nhỏ làm gia tăng hàm lượng chất lơ lửng vào đầm cũng dẫn đến kết quả quá tải chất lơ lửng trong khu vực đầm Cầu Hai

STUDYING INFLUENCES ON SYNTHESIS OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER POLY(L(+)LACTIC ACID) BY POLYCONDENSATION USING OF TIN BASED CATALYSTS

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Impact of Frequency Shift on Nonlinear Compensation Using Optical Phase Conjugation for M-QAM Signals

Nonlinear compensation using optical phase conjugation (OPC) have been considered a promising technique to increase the reach of high-speed fiber-optic transmission systems. OPC-based nonlinear compensation employs an optical phase conjugation located at a middle of the fiber link to generate a complexed conjugated signal with respect the signal in the first half of the link for propagation in the second half. OPC technique assumes a symmetry for signal propagating in the first and second half to obtain a perfect nonlinear and chromatic dispersion. However, as most of practical OPC schemes are realized by nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing or a combination of second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation, the frequency shift induced by OPC affects the signal symmetrical requirement for nonlinear compensation because the chromatic dispersion is different for the first and second half transmissions. In this paper, we investigate the impact of frequency shift on the nonlinear compensation using OPC for high symbol rate, high level modulation format signals. This will be important to understand the tolerance of the OPC techniques against such a practical condition for actual system implementations

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY ESTERIFICATION OF OLEIC ACID WITH ETHANOL UNDER ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart