Proportions of Organic Waste in the Process of Composting

The objective of this study was to evaluate the composting process made from different combinations of organic residues and to gain agronomic knowledge about the final product. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments: T1 - 50% sawdust, 35% fruit / vegetable husks and 15% coffee grounds and filter; T2 - 50% sawdust, 30% fruit / vegetable peels and 20% coffee grounds and filter; T3 - 60% sawdust, 30% fruit / vegetable peel and 10% coffee grounds and filter; T4 - 60% sawdust, 20% fruit / vegetable peels and 20% coffee grounds and filter; and T5 - 70% sawdust, 20% fruit / vegetable peels and 10% coffee grounds and filter and four replicates. The parameters monitored daily were temperature and humidity. After 140 days of initiation, the sample was collected for analysis. The material was analyzed in the soil and leaf fertility laboratory of the UEMG Unit Passos to determine the organic matter content, C / N ratio, pH and macronutrient and micronutrient content. Treatments 1 and 2 presented the best values in relation to the other treatments, due to the lower percentage of sawdust. The low ambient temperatures in the composting process, the high C / N ratio of the sawdust, the proportion of residues used in the formation of the compost and the volume of the material may have had a negative influence on the composting process

Ethylene Biosynthesis Inhibitors on the Quality of the Coffee Beverage and Efficiency of the Mechanical Harvest

The aim of the project is to evaluate the efficiency of the product based in Ethephonin® the standartization of the maturation of the fruits, in an answer of the mechanical harvest and the quality of the coffee beverage. The study was conducted at Aruã Farm, in Piumhi, Southwest of Brazil. The plants used in the research are from Coffea arábica L, planted in 2005, in the space of 3.2m x 0.60m. The experimental design adopted had randomized blocks with four treatments: T1 – Ethephon® (130ml/100ml water), T2 – controlling treatment, T3 – Ethephon® plus pH reductor (130ml plus 40ml/100 L water), T4 – Ethephon® plus bioprotector (130 ml plus 285.71 gr/100 L water) and 4 repetitions, totalizing, 16 parcels. To determine the percentual of the leaves fall of the coffee trees, four scores of the leaves: before applying the product, 15 days after applying, before and after the mechanical harvest. The harvest started when, the maturation of the beans got the following levels: T1 – 89.79% of cherry fruits, T2 – 72.98% of fruits, T – 86.02% of cherry fruits, T4 86.63% of cherry fruits. After the harvest the beans were taken to testes, of the region. The product Ethephon influenced in the maturation of the coffee fruits, increasing the efficiency of the mechanical harvest, reducing the volume (percentual) of the pass through. The product didn’t influence the defoliation of the plants. There was no interference among the treatments to taste the beverages and the samples ranking

Efeito imediato da mobilização com movimento (MWM) em pacientes com dor lombar: um estudo randomizado controlado

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito  da Mobilization Whith Movement (MWM) do conceito Mulligan na percepção de dor nociceptiva e neuropática, na amplitude e na mobilidade articular de indivíduos com dor lombar. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado, de 30  voluntários com dor lombar inespecífica, divididos em: Grupo Intervenção (GINT) que recebeu a mobilização articular com deslizamentos apofisários naturais mantidos (MWM - SNAGs); Grupo Controle (GCONT), que recebeu uma mobilização articular placebo. Os voluntários foram avaliados pela escala numérica de dor (EVN); pelo teste modificado de Schober (TMS) para a mobilidade da coluna lombar e pelo DN4 para avaliação da dor neuropática e nociceptiva. Resultados: GINT apresentou  aumento da flexão lombar (pré intervenção= 81,21±15,23°; pós-intervenção= 90,00±19,62°, p= <0,05), da mobilidade da coluna lombar no TMS (pré= 15,33±1,05 pós= 16,08±1,02, p= <0,05) e redução da percepção de dor pela EVN (pré= 5,33±2,26; pós= 1,47±2,61= p< 0,05) e no GCONT (pré= 4,07±2,34; pós= 2,20±1,93, p < 0,05). Conclusão: A intervenção com MWM - SNAGs promoveu melhora da ADM e da mobilidade na flexão da coluna lombar, associada com redução da dor nociceptiva no GINT e no GCONT.  Objective: To analyze the effect of the Mobilization With Movement (MWM) of the Mulligan’s concept in the perception of nociceptive and neuropathic pain, range of motion (ROM) and joint mobility of individuals with low back pain. Method: This is a randomized and controlled clinical trial, with 30 volunteers with nonspecific low back pain, divided into: Intervention Group (INTG), that received sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAG) type MWM of the Mulligan’s concept; Control Group (CONTG), which received a similar intervention to INTG. Volunteers were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain); the Modified Schober Test (MST) and ROM by goniometry for lumbar spine mobility and Douleur Neuropatique 4 (DN4) questionnaire for assessment of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Results: INTG showed an increase in lumbar flexion (pre-intervention= 81.21±15.23°; post-intervention= 90.00±19.62°, p< 0.05), mobility of the lumbar spine in MST (pre= 15.33±1.05 post= 16.08±1.02, p< 0.05) and reduction of pain perception by NRS Pain (pre= 5.33±2.26; post= 1.47±2.61 p< 0.05) and in CONTG (pre= 4.07±2.34; post= 2.20±1.93, p< 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention with MWM - SNAGs promoted improved ROM and mobility in flexion of the lumbar spine, associated with reduction from the nociceptive pain in INTG and CONTG

New strategy for silicon supply through fertigation in sugarcane integrating the pre-sprouted seedling phase and field cultivation

Abstract Adopting a Si supply strategy can amplify the sugarcane response. Thus, this study aimed to verify whether Si supply in the pre-sprouted seedling (PSS) formation phase would have an effect after field transplanting similar to Si supply only in the field phase (via foliar spraying or fertigation). Furthermore, this study aimed to verify whether Si supply in the PSS formation phase associated with Si fertigation after transplanting can potentiate or amplify Si benefits. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, pre-sprouted seedlings were grown in a nursery without Si (Control) and with Si. Experiment II was conducted in the field on Eutrustox soil with the following treatments: no Si supply (Control); Si supplied during the PSS formation phase; Si supplied through foliar spraying in the field; Si supplied through fertigation in the field; Si supplied in the PSS formation phase and during field development. Silicon used in both crop phases benefited sugarcane by increasing photosynthetic pigment content and the antioxidative defense system. The innovation of Si management to be supplied via fertigation integrated with both crop phases (PSS and in the field) optimizes the element’s use by increasing the crop's productivity and sustainability