Improvements to the design of LiteSteel beams undergoing lateral distortional buckling

An Australian manufacturer has recently developed an innovative group of cold-formed steel hollow flange sections, one of them is LiteSteel Beams (LSBs). The LSB sections are produced from thin and high strength steels by a patented manufacturing process involving simultaneous cold-forming and dual electric resistance welding. They have a unique geometry consisting of rectangular hollow flanges and a relatively slender web. The LSB flexural members are subjected to lateral distortional buckling effects and hence their capacities are reduced for intermediate spans. The current design rules for lateral distortional buckling were developed based on the lower bound of numerical and experimental results. The effect of LSB section geometry was not considered although it could influence the lateral distortional buckling performance. Therefore an accurate finite element model of LSB flexural members was developed and validated using experimental and finite strip analysis results. It was then used to investigate the effect of LSB geometry. The extensive moment capacity data thus developed was used to develop improved design rules for LSBs with one of them considering the LSB geometry effects through a modified slenderness parameter. The use of the new design rules gave higher lateral distortional buckling capacities for LSB sections with intermediate slenderness. The new design rule is also able to accurately predict the lateral distortional buckling moment capacities of other hollow flange beams (HFBs)

The Newborn Baby Check

The newborn baby check is often the first encounter a General Practitioner (GP) has with an infant and their family. It is an excellent opportunity to review the journey the family has taken antenatally, at the time of delivery and the weeks that have followed. It is also a time to detect and identify conditions that can be managed in their early stages. If untreated, some conditions can result in major morbidity. In this chapter we will look at what makes up a newborn baby check and important considerations to think about when undertaking this assessment. The examination is also performed in a systematic way to maximise the chance of detecting any abnormalities

Deciding on war and peace: the battle for British war powers in the post-Iraq era

Tony Blair’s extraordinary decision to ask for Parliament’s approval for British military deployment in the Iraq War prompted lingering questions about who decides on matters of war and peace in modern Britain. His successors’ use, and thereby confirmation, of the new parliamentary prerogative suggested a fundamental reorganization of war powers in British politics, giving Parliament a significantly stronger position in the realm of foreign affairs. This paper argues that a number of factors, like a Prime Minister’s leadership style, the role Cabinet and the civil service, and Parliament’s governing disadvantages that makes it difficult for Members of Parliament to assert themselves proactively rather than reactively, make the prospect of a “War Powers Act” enshrining Parliament’s constitutional role in authorizing war highly unlikely

Isolation of cytotoxic triterpenes from the mangrove plant, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F.Gaertn (Rubiaceae)

Purpose: To isolate active cytotoxic compounds from the hexane and chloroform  extracts of the leaves of the mangrove plant, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F. Gaertn (Rubiaceae), grown in Sri Lanka.Methods: Dried pulverized leaves of S. hydrophyllacea were extracted with hexane and chloroform. Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), column chromatography (size exclusion chromatography, Sephadex LH-20) and reversed phase preparative recycling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were used to isolate three compounds (compounds 1, 2 and 3). The structures of the isolated compounds were established with the aid of 1H, 13C and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) and electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) techniques. 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the compounds on oestrogen receptor positive breast (MCF-7) and non-small cell lung (NCIH- 292) cancer cells.Results: The isolated compounds were identified as oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2) and eichlerianic acid (3). Ursolic acid and eichlerianic acid showed strong  cytotoxic effects {IC50- ursolic acid: 8.47 μg/mL (24 h, MCF-7), 7.78 μg/mL (24 h, NCI-H292) and eichlerianic acid: 8.86 μg/mL (24 h, MCF-7), 10.15 μg/mL (24 h, NCI-H292)} in MCF-7 and NCI-H292 cancer cells at 24, 48 and 72 h  post-incubation periods.Conclusion: Hexane and chloroform extracts of the leaves of S. hydrophyllacea yielded three compounds namely oleanolic acid, eichlerianic acid and ursolic acid. Ursolic acid and eichlerianic acid have been isolated for the first time from the leaves of S. hydrophyllacea grown in Sri Lanka and demonstrate in-vitro cytotoxic effects in oestrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and non-small lung cancer (NCI-H-292) cells.Keywords: Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, eichlerianic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, MCF-7, NCI-H-29

Expanded access to cancer treatments from conversion to neutropenia prophylaxis with biosimilar filgrastim-sndz

Aim: Biosimilar medicines offer significant cost-savings potential over their reference products, which can be re-allocated to provide access to other cancer treatments on a budget-neutral basis. Methods: Simulation study using cost data for the USA under consideration of several prophylaxis patterns. Results: Potential savings from conversion from reference filgrastim to biosimilar filgrastim-sndz are significant. These savings expand budget-neutral access to novel immunotherapies (obinutuzumab; pembrolizumab) or supportive care (filgrastim-sndz). Conclusion: The combination of biosimilar savings and expanded access increases the value of cancer care as the same supportive care is provided at lower cost, additional cancer care is enabled at no additional cost, and more patients will have access to cancer care.Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ, USAOpen access article.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

An investigation of supervector regression for forensic voice comparison on small data

International audienceThe present paper deals with an observer design for a nonlinear lateral vehicle model. The nonlinear model is represented by an exact Takagi-Sugeno (TS) model via the sector nonlinearity transformation. A proportional multiple integral observer (PMIO) based on the TS model is designed to estimate simultaneously the state vector and the unknown input (road curvature). The convergence conditions of the estimation error are expressed under LMI formulation using the Lyapunov theory which guaranties bounded error. Simulations are carried out and experimental results are provided to illustrate the proposed observer

Numerical modelling and design of LiteSteel Beams subject to lateral buckling

The LiteSteel Beam (LSB) is a new hollow flange channel section developed using a patented dual electric resistance welding and cold-forming process. It has a unique geometry consisting of torsionally rigid rectangular hollow flanges and a slender web, and is commonly used as flexural members. However, the LSB flexural members are subjected to a relatively new lateral distortional buckling mode, which reduces their moment capacities. Unlike lateral torsional buckling, the lateral distortional buckling of LSBs is characterised by simultaneous lateral deflection, twist and cross sectional change due to web distortion. Therefore a detailed investigation into the lateral buckling behaviour of LSB flexural members was undertaken using experiments and finite element analyses. This paper presents the details of suitable finite element models developed to simulate the behaviour and capacity of LSB flexural members subject to lateral buckling. The models included all significant effects that influence the ultimate moment capacities of such members, including material inelasticity, lateral distortional buckling deformations, web distortion, residual stresses, and geometric imperfections. Comparison of elastic buckling and ultimate moment capacity results with predictions from other numerical analyses and available buckling moment equations, and experimental results showed that the developed finite element models accurately predict the behaviour and moment capacities of LSBs. The validated model was then used in a detailed parametric study that produced accurate moment capacity data for all the LSB sections and improved design rules for LSB flexural members subject to lateral distortional buckling

Ineslastic bending capacity of litesteel beams

Australian manufacturers recently developed a new mono-symmetric cold-formed steel hollow flange channel section known as LiteSteel Beam. The innovative LSB sections with rectangular flanges are currently being used as floor joists and bearers in buildings. In order to assess their behaviour and section moment capacity including the presence of any inelastic reserve bending capacity, 20 section moment capacity tests were conducted in this study. Test results were compared with the section moment capacities predicted by the steel design codes. Although the current cold-formed steel design rules generally limit the section moment capacities to their first yield moments, test results showed that inelastic reserve bending capacity was present in the compact and non-compact LSB sections. The results have shown that suitable modifications to the current design rules are needed to allow the inclusion of available inelastic bending capacities of LSBs in design

Initial imperfection characteristics of mono-symmetric LiteSteel beams for numerical studies

The aim of the present study is to investigate the initial imperfection characteristics of the new mono-symmetric LiteSteel beams (LSB) and their effects on the moment capacity. A unique manufacturing process of simultaneous cold-rolling and electric resistance welding process is used in the manufacturing of LSBs that can lead to unique initial imperfections in the form of initial geometric distortions and residual stresses. Such imperfection characteristics are unlikely to be present in conventional steel beam sections. In this study, the imperfections in LSBs were measured and their effects on the moment capacities were investigated using finite element analyses. It also included a sensitivity study of geometric imperfections and residual stresses on LSB moment capacities. This paper presents the details of this study, the results, and useful recommendations for numerical modelling, design and manufacturing of LSBs