A survey of awareness of Pap smear and cervical cancer vaccine among women at tertiary care centre in Eastern Uttar Pradesh India

Background: Cervical cancer is very common in developing countries. In Uttar Pradesh the literacy rate of women is low as compared to other states of India. Poverty is very high. Most women report with advance stage of cervical cancer. It can be prevented by early screening with Pap smear. Aim of our study is to know about the awareness of Pap smear and cervical cancer vaccine among women attending a tertiary hospital in Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh India.Methods: A questionnaire based study is done on 1500 patients attending the OPD and admitted in ward over a period of one year.Results: To our surprise only 12.06% women were aware of Pap screening test. Only 6.13% women were aware of cervical cancer vaccine. The awareness about both Pap test and cervical cancer vaccine was present in only 5.2% only. The education of the women and socioeconomic status also play an important role. The awareness among rural women was significantly less as compared to urban women.Conclusions: The awareness about Pap test and cervical cancer vaccine was very low specially in women staying in rural area. So if we really wanted to reduce cervical cancer then we have to increase the awareness among women by media, camps etc

Knowledge, attitude and belief about contraception in post-partum and post abortal women in a tertiary care centre

Background: In this modern era where women have achieved the highest positions in politics, corporate world and conquered the moon, on the other side she is still fighting for her right, i.e. health. For this the women should become economically independent. The concept of waiting for a son preference by the society should be discouraged. Postpartum and post abortal period are very crucial for a women especially for many of those belonging to the villages as this may be the only time she comes in contact with a health personnel. Hence counseling should be given to all patients at this time.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of sir Sunder Lal hospital between August 2013 to October 2013. 230 post-partum and post abortal women were interrogated and counseled about various methods of contraception. Awareness about emergency contraception pill and MTPill was also noted.Results: Only 69% had heard about various methods of contraception. IUCD and OCP were known to most patients. Most patients knew about contraception from television and doctors. After counseling 97% patients wanted contraception. Most patients opted for IUCD, Barrier method and DepoProvera. 20% patients knew about emergency contraception pill and 34.4% patients about MTPill.Conclusions: There is lack of awareness of contraception, emergency contraception and medical abortion in women under study. Regular counseling is a must to all post-partum and post abortal women. Information should be provided about various methods and patients should be given a choice to choose the method of contraception

Expectant management of severe preeclampsia in mid-trimester: a hospital based study

Background: Objective of current study was to determine the maternal and perinatal outcome of the expectant management of severe preeclampsia between 24 weeks and 34 weeks of gestation.Methods: Data was collected from the 50 case notes of the mothers who had expectant management of severe preeclampsia. The study period was April 2011-March 2013. Total of 27 women in the year 2011-2012 (April-March) and 23 women in the year 2012-2013 (April-March) were included. Maternal condition was carefully monitored with the help of non-invasive monitors. Fetal condition was monitored by ultrasound and colour Doppler. Number of days as pregnancy prolongation and maternal and perinatal morbidities were calculated and analysed.Results: The number of days prolonged has been maximum in gestational age of 28-30 weeks, median being 23.5. There is association between higher maternal DBP and appearance of maternal complications (as DBP increases mother is more at risk).Conclusions: Pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia can be managed expectantly in a tertiary care centre of India (low resource country) provided mother and fetus are monitored for their wellbeing

Spontaneous unscarred fundal rupture after normal vaginal delivery

Uterine rupture is one of the most dangerous obstetric situation carrying an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, associated with poorly managed labour. The incidence of spontaneous rupture of unscarred uterus is around 1 in 8000 to 1 in 15000 deliveries. We report this unusual case of spontaneous unscarred fundal rupture after normal vaginal delivery. This case under reference developed shock soon after delivery and was explored due to suspected intraperitoneal hemorrhage. This case is being reported to emphasis the need for proper post-delivery monitoring not only to diagnose post-partum hemorrhage but also to suspect uterine rupture as a cause of unexplained shock developing after delivery inspite of all resuscitative measures. Although unexpected in a woman with an unscarred uterus, rupture should be considered as a possible cause of unusual pain or hypotension in the mother. The most effective way to reduce the number of morbidity and mortality would be to prevent unwanted pregnancies by informed and effective use of contraception

A decisive lifesaving tool in submassive pulmonary embolism: Bedside echocardiography

Key Clinical Message Immediate thrombolysis in submassive pulmonary embolism on the basis of bedside echocardiography can be a lifesaving decision in areas where computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram is not readily available. Abstract Bedside echocardiography can be a rapid diagnostic and decision‐making tool for immediate thrombolysis in submassive pulmonary embolism with evidence of progressively failing ventricles. We report a case of submassive pulmonary embolism in a 26‐year‐old male under testosterone replacement therapy, who was successfully thrombolyzed based on bedside echocardiography findings

Stress-Induced Electronic Structure Modulation of Manganese-Incorporated Ni2PNi_{2}P Leading to Enhanced Activity for Water Splitting

The cornerstone of the emerging hydrogen economy is hydrogen production by water electrolysis with concomitant oxygen generation. Incorporating a third element in metal phosphides can tune the crystalline and electronic structure, hence improving the electrocatalytic properties. In this work, Mn-doped Ni$_2$P with varying ratios of Mn and Ni has been explored as excellent catalysts for water splitting. A complete cell made of the best catalyst Ni$_{1.5}$Mn$_{0.5}$P electrodes showed low voltage of 1.75 V at a current density of 10 mA cm$^{–2}$ due to enhanced electrical conductivity, induction of tensile stress, enhanced electrochemical surface area, and increased electric dipole upon Mn incorporation