Conceptual Metaphor of Different Conventionality Levels from the Perspectives of Translatability Assessment and Translation Strategies

This study examines the Conceptual Metaphor Theory from an innovative perspective: translatability and translation strategy. The experiment recruited 239 undergraduate students of different translation training to evaluate the translatability of twelve sentences of different metaphor types before translating them into Vietnamese. Additionally, this study examines how students deal with metaphorical mapping images as well as grammatical and lexical refining attempts. The factorial ANOVA results (p=.02) indicate that the effect of metaphor types on translatability levels is conditional on translation training levels, despite the fact that the main effect is on metaphor types, not translation skill. Besides, twelve in-depth strategies to deal with the source sentences are identified, establishing a new model for metaphorical translation strategy. Chi-square analysis reveals associations between translation training levels and strategies (p<.01); and between metaphor types and strategies (p<.01). This study argues for the possibility that translation could be considered among conceptual metaphor's cognitive mechanisms

The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Awareness and Purchase Intention: Case Study of Vietnam's domestic fashion brands

The study aimed to examine the impact of social media marketing on brand awareness and purchase intention for Vietnamese domestic fashion brands. Quantitative research was conducted on 302 Vietnamese people of Generation Z. The questionnaire designed on Google forms was sent to research samples who were willing to participate. Research results determined the role and benefits of social media marketing in 2 aspects: (1) information about the brand of social media marketing on social networks and (2) brand engagement on social networks. Social media marketing has a positive impact on brand awareness and purchase intention of Vietnamese domestic fashion brands. In particular, brand information when communicating on social networks has a direct and positive impact on brand awareness and purchase intention. Brand engagement on social networks has a positive direct impact on brand awareness and a positive indirect impact on purchase intention through brand awareness. The research results show that Vietnamese domestic fashion brands do quite well in social media marketing, and are highly appreciated by the online community of generation Z in Vietnam. In the future, in order to improve brand awareness and purchase intention, Vietnamese domestic fashion brands need to pay attention to the brand information properties of social media marketing programs and need to invest more in brand engagement characteristics of social networks. Keywords: social media marketing, brand awareness, purchase intentio

Vietnamese version of the general medication adherence scale (Gmas):Translation, adaptation, and validation

Background: We aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) into Vietnamese. Methods: We followed the guidelines of Beaton et al. during the translation and adaptation process. In Stage I, two translators translated the GMAS to Vietnamese. Stage II involved synthesizing the two translations. Stage III featured a back translation. Stage IV included an expert committee review and the creation of the pre-final version of the GMAS, and in stage V, pilot testing was conducted on 42 Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes. The psychometric validation process evaluated the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The in-ternal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. The construct validity was determined by an association examination between the levels of adherence and patient characteristics. The content validity was based on the opinion and assessment score by the expert committee. The Vietnamese version of the GMAS was created, in-cluding 11 items divided into three domains. There was a good equivalence between the English and the Vietnamese versions of the GMAS in all four criteria. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven patients were participating in the psychometric validation process. Cronbach’s alpha was acceptable for all questionnaire items (0.817). Spearman’s correlation coefficient of the test–retest reliability was acceptable for the GMAS (0.879). There are significant correlations between medication adherence levels and occupation, income, and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) score regarding construct validity. Conclusions: The Vietnamese version of GMAS can be considered a reliable and valid tool for assessing medication adherence in Vietnamese patients

Effect of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Physicians' Prescribing for Pediatric Outpatients

BACKGROUND: Children are at high risk of drug-related problems, increased risk of treatment failures, and high treatment costs. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pharmacist-led interventions on physicians' prescribing for pediatric outpatients. METHODS: A prospective study with pre- and post-intervention measurement assessment was conducted to collect pediatric outpatients' prescriptions during the pre-intervention period (January 2020) and post-intervention (August 2020) at a children's hospital in Vietnam. Drug-related problems were identified and categorized according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE), version 9.1. The intervention program was developed based on the results of pre-intervention observations. After the intervention, prescriptions were evaluated. Statistical tests were used to compare the proportions of drug-related problems before and after the intervention and to identify factors related to drug-related problems. RESULTS: There were 2788 out of 4218 (66.1%) prescriptions with at least one drug-related problem before the intervention. Of these drug-related problems, the most common was inappropriate timing of administration and incorrect dosage (36.1% and 35.6%, respectively). After the intervention, the percentage of prescriptions with at least one drug-related problem was 45.5% (p < 0.001). Most of the drug-related problem types decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis results showed that in addition to pharmacists' intervention, patients' gender, primary disease, comorbidity status, and the total number of drugs prescribed were also factors related to drug-related problems. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-related problems in pediatric outpatients were quite common. Pharmacists' intervention helped to improve the prevalence and types of drug-related problems

Optimal design parameters of air suspension systems for semi-trailer truck. Part 2: results and discussion

Based on the results of model and algorithm in Part1 for searching the optimal design parameters of vehicle suspensions using genetic algorithm, in Part 2, the simulation results with MATLAB Simulink combined with an optimal program are written to search the optimal design parameters of vehicle air suspension systems in two optimal conditions. The optimal results indicate that the DLC values at all axles of vehicle respectively reduce by 9.09 %, 10.71 %, 11.11%, 10.81 %, 8.82 % (in Case 1) and 14.29 %, 19.23 %, 20.00 %, 17.14 %, 12.12 % (in Case 2) in comparison with the original air suspension systems when vehicle moves on the ISO class C road surface at v= 20 m/s and full load. All these things indicate that using the genetic algorithm optimization method does not only reduce the tire dynamic loads acting on road surface but also improves the ride comfort. Finally, the optimum performance of vehicle suspension systems is considered and reassessed under different operating conditions. The evaluation results indicate that the optimum performance of the air suspension systems has better potential to improve the road friendliness which provides a ride comfort for road surfaces and vehicle

Optimal design parameters of air suspension systems for semi-trailer truck. Part 1: modeling and algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of air suspension systems for a semi-trailer truck in the direction of reducing the dynamic wheel load acting on road surface (Part 1: modeling and algorithm). To achieve the goal of finding the optimal design parameters for the air suspension systems, a half-vehicle dynamic model under the road-vehicle interaction with 12 degrees of freedom (d.o.f) is established for searching the optimal design parameters of vehicle suspensions using genetic algorithm (GA). Dynamic load coefficient (DLC) is considered as a target function. Two optimal conditions: optimal design of geometrical parameters of air spring suspension systems (Case 1) and optimal design of parameters of air suspension systems (Case 2) are selected in this study. The results of this paper are the basis for optimization and discussion in Part 2 as the results and discussion

Appropriate Antibiotic Use and Associated Factors in Vietnamese Outpatients

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use among outpatients is recognized as the primary driver of antibiotic resistance. A proper understanding of appropriate antibiotic usage and associated factors helps to determine and limit inappropriateness. We aimed to identify the rate of appropriate use of antibiotics and identify factors associated with the inappropriate prescriptions. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in outpatient antibiotic use at a hospital in Can Tho City, Vietnam, from August 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020. Data were extracted from all outpatient prescriptions at the Medical Examination Department and analyzed by SPSS 18 and Chi-squared tests, with 95% confidence intervals. The rationale for antibiotic use was evaluated through antibiotic selection, dose, dosing frequency, dosing time, interactions between antibiotics and other drugs, and general appropriate usage. Results: A total of 420 prescriptions were 51.7% for females, 61.7% with health insurance, and 44.0% for patients with one comorbid condition. The general appropriate antibiotic usage rate was 86.7%. Prescriptions showed that 11.0% and 9.5% had a higher dosing frequency and dose than recommended, respectively; 10.2% had an inappropriate dosing time; 3.1% had drug interactions; and only 1.7% had been prescribed inappropriate antibiotics. The risk of inappropriate antibiotic use increased in patients with comorbidities and antibiotic treatment lasting >7 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study indicated a need for more consideration when prescribing antibiotics to patients with comorbidities or using more than 7 days of treatment

KẾT QUẢ BƯỚC ĐẦU NGHIÊN CỨU KHU HỆ CÁ CỬA SÔNG THU BỒN, TỈNH QUANG NAM

This report presents the result of four surveys in 2013 at 12 sampling stations on fish composition of fish fauna in the Thu Bon estuary of Quang Nam province (the central Vietnam) and a total of 139 species of fishes were identified belonging to 110 genera, 63 families and 17 orders. Analysis of community structure of fish fauna showed that the order Perciformes was the most popular, making up 56.1%; Cypriniformes (8.6%); Pleuronectiformes (6.5%); Clupeiformes and Siluriformes (4.3%); Anguilliformes, Tetraodontiformes (3.6%); Mugiliformes (2.9%); ... The family Gobiidae was the most abundant with 12 species, making up 8.6% of the total number of species; Cyprinidae (10 species, 7.2%); Leiognathidae, Carangidae had the same number of species (6 species, 4.3%); Clupeidae, Lutjanidae: 5 species (3.6%); Serranidae, Mugilidae, Soleidae, Gerreidae, Ambassidae, Tetraodontidae: 4 species (2.9%); In addition, 4 families had 3 species, 12 families had 2 species and 35 families had 1 species. Cluster analysis based on the Bray - Curtis similarity index of nine fish faunas (Bach Dang, Thai Binh, Bu Lu, Son Tra peninsula, Thu Bon, coastal wetlands of Quang Nam, Nha Phu - Binh Cang, Ben Tre and Tra Vinh) showed that fish composition of the coastal - estuaries of Tra Vinh and Ben Tre had the highest similarity (78%), subsequently fish faunas of Thu Bon had similarity with that of Quang Nam (47%), Quang Nam and Nha Phu - Binh Cang (41%), Bu Lu and Thu Bon (38%). The result was also classified into three distinct groups of 9 fish faunas: group 1- Tra Vinh, Ben Tre and Thai Binh; group 2- Quang Nam, Thu Bon, Nha Phu - Binh Cang, Son Tra and Bu Lu; group 3- Bach Đang. The species richness (Margalef’s index) of Thu Bon (28.0) was less abundant than that of other areas: the highest species richness belonging to Tra Vinh (39.4), Thai Binh (38.6), Nha Phu - Binh Cang (35.9), Son Tra (31.8), Bu Lu (29.7), … The diversity of species composition according to the taxa in each region showed the characteristic of each fish fauna. The fish fauna is evidently typical of characteristics of the estuarine waters and coastal lagoons. There are 4 threatened species which are listed in the Vietnam’s Red Data Book (2007) at ex-tremely vulnerable levels.Thực hiện 4 chuyến khảo sát thu mẫu thành phần loài cá vùng cửa sông Thu Bồn trong năm 2013 tại 12 điểm thu mẫu. Kết quả đã ghi nhận được 139 loài thuộc 17 bộ, 63 họ và 110 giống. Phân tích cấu trúc quần xã khu hệ cá cho thấy: bộ cá Vược Perciformes là bộ cá phổ biến nhất chiếm 56,1%; tiếp đến là bộ cá Chép 8,6%; bộ cá Bơn Pleuronectiformes chiếm 6,5%; bộ cá Trích Clupeiformes và cá Nheo Siluriformes mỗi bộ 4,3%; bộ cá Chình Anguilliformes, cá Nóc Tetraodontiformes (3,6%); bộ cá Đối Mugiliformes (2,9%); ... Các họ chiếm ưu thế về loài: họ cá Bống trắng (Gobiidae) 12 loài chiếm 8,6% tổng số loài; cá Chép (Cyprinidae) 7,2%; cá Liệt (Leiognathidae) và cá Khế (Carangidae) mỗi họ 4,3%; cá Trích (Clupeidae), cá Hồng (Lutjanidae): 3,6%, ... So sánh với 8 khu hệ cá cửa sông - ven biển Việt Nam (Bạch Đằng, Thái Bình, Bù Lu, Sơn Trà, vùng đất ngập nước ven biển tỉnh Quảng Nam, Nha Phu - Bình Cang, Bến Tre và Trà Vinh) ghi nhận, vùng ven biển cửa sông Trà Vinh và Bến Tre có mức tương đồng cao nhất 78%, tiếp đến là Quảng Nam và Thu Bồn 47%, Quảng Nam và Nha Phu - Bình Cang 41%, Bu Lu và Thu Bồn 38%. Phân tích chỉ số giống nhau về thành phần loài của 9 khu hệ cá hình thành nên 3 nhóm: nhóm 1: Trà Vinh, Bến Tre và Thái Bình; nhóm 2: Quảng Nam, Thu Bồn, Nha Phu - Bình Cang, Sơn Trà và Bù Lu; Bạch Đằng hình thành riêng nhóm 3. Độ giàu có về loài của Thu Bồn đạt 28,0; Trà Vinh đạt cao nhất 39,4; tiếp đến là Thái Bình (38,6); Nha Phu - Bình Cang (35,9), Sơn Trà (31,8), Bù Lu (29,7), … Tính đa đạng về thành phần loài cá theo các bậc taxon trên từng vùng thể hiện tính đặc trưng riêng cho từng khu hệ. Các khu hệ cá thể hiện rõ tính chất nước lợ điển hình của các thuỷ vực cửa sông, đầm phá ven biển. Có 4 loài cá quý hiếm được ghi trong sách đỏ Việt Nam 2007 ở mức độ rất nguy cấp

On the Information Problem of DNA in the Denaturation Process

The information problem of DNA in the denaturation process was studied by the relationship between entropy and information. Using the previous PB’s (Peyrard and Bishop) numerical results obtained from their microscopic arharmonic model of DNA, we propose a new effective simple model to calculate DNA information. A shape change of information at the denaturation phase transition point was found and discussed