Contribution (%) of genetic (heritability, h²) and house (c²) effects to variability in malaria and non-malaria clinical and biological phenotypes of <i>P. falciparum</i> (Pf) and <i>P. vivax</i> (Pv).

<p>h², variance due to genetics, c², variance due to house effect, S.E. the standard error; NS, not significant (<i>p-value</i>>0.05); NE, not estimated.</p>a<p>Retained because of marginal significance.</p

Pair-wise correlation between phenotypes studied.

<p>PFA, Number of visits Pf+; NMF, Number of non-malaria fever visits; PVA, Number of visits Pv+; mx-PFD, Pf max parasite density; PFD, Overall Pf parasite densities; mx-PVD, Pv max parasite density; PVD, Overall Pv parasite densities. In bold, highly significant p value (≤10⁻⁴); in italic, significant p value that becomes not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (21 hypotheses tested).</p

Summary of samples used in epidemiological and genetic analyses.

<p>For epidemiological analyses, presented are the number of data points (observations and calculated mean/max values) analyzed for each phenotype category, the corresponding number of individuals implicated and hence residual values generated. For genetic analyses, presented are the number of these individuals for whom pedigree information was available and thus the number of independent families and relative pairs count for each phenotype in the heritability analyses. In parentheses, the number belonging to the large complex family.</p

Family statistics.

<p>Family statistics.</p

Number of pairs of individuals as defined by genetic relationship (phi2) and household relationship.

<p>Number of pairs of individuals as defined by genetic relationship (phi2) and household relationship.</p

Proportions of variation explained by genetic heritability, house and environmental factors found to have a significant effect on the phenotype measured (Table 3&6).

<p>(A) Number of clinical episodes of <i>P. falciparum</i> (PFA); (B) Number of clinical episodes of <i>P. vivax</i> (PVA); (C) Number of non-malaria clinical episodes (NMF); (D) Maximum <i>P. falciparum</i> parasite density (mx-PFD); (E) Overall <i>P. falciparum</i> parasite density (PFD); (F) Maximum <i>P. vivax</i> parasite density (mx-PVD); (G) Overall <i>P. vivax</i> parasite density (PVD). Values of 1% or less not indicated numerically in the figure.</p

Percentage of variation in <i>P. falciparum</i> (Pf) and <i>P. vivax</i> (Pv) phenotypes explained by environmental factors (and their interactions) in the statistical analyses.

<p>In parentheses, <i>p</i> is the <i>p-value</i>; in bold, <i>p-value</i><10⁻³.</p>a<p>Retained because of significant interaction with Age.</p