VULNERABLITY OF RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN NINH THUAN PROVINCE TO DROUGHT

The risk of drought poses a significant challenge to agricultural production in Ninh Thuan Province. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors that influence farmers’ livelihood outcomes due to the impact of drought. Data were collected from a survey of 231 farmers randomly selected from the districts of Thuan Nam, Thuan Bac, and Ninh Hai. In addition to descriptive statistics, a Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors influencing livelihood outcomes during mild and severe droughts. The results showed that farmers’ livelihood outcomes were generally low. The regression identified the financial (β=0.230 and 0.205), social (β=0.200 and 0.291), and human capital (β=0.195 and 0.196) impacts on farmers’ livelihood outcomes from both mild and severe droughts. During mild drought years, seasonal adjustment (β=-0.009) and migration (β=0.013) were found to significantly influence livelihood outcomes. In severe drought years, government support (β=-0.030) negatively affected livelihood outcomes. There is a need to establish an early warning system for climate change and extreme weather events while simultaneously disseminating information widely to farmers so that they can take timely measures to cope. Enhancing human capital by raising awareness and skills in adapting to drought and developing comprehensive abilities to implement drought adaptation strategies is needed

Current medical product development for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment in the areas of Neurosurgery, Orthopeadic and Dental-Cranio-Maxillofacial surgery in Vietnam

With the population of 86 million and good GDP growth in recent decades, the medical market in Vietnam is growing fast. However, most of the medical technology products are imported, and the number of locally manufactured ones is limited and they do not have the high competition capability in term of quality, quantity and types. In this paper, the current product development in Vietnam for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment in the areas of Rehabilitation, Neurosurgery, Orthopeadic and Dental-Cranio-Maxillofacial surgery is presented. A roadmap for medical technology development in Vietnam is propose

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of anal fistulas with scrotal extension: a retrospective study

IntroductionThis study aimed to elucidate the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of anal fistulas extending to the scrotum, and the applicable rules, and to correlate MR features with surgical findings.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in 150 consecutive patients with anal fistulas extending into the scrotum, who were diagnosed and underwent surgery at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City between January 2017 and April 2022. MR findings were evaluated and compared with surgical findings using Cohens kappa coefficient (k) with a 95% confidence interval.Results150 patients (mean age 37.6 ± 10.9 years) with 166 fistulas, including 150 anal fistulas with scrotal extension. Most fistulas were low transsphincteric (80.0%, 120/150 patients). There was a strong agreement for primary tract classification and detecting the location of internal openings between MRI and surgical findings with k = 0.83 (0.780.87) and k = 0.89 (0.85 0.93) (p<0.001), respectively. There is a significant correlation between the location of internal openings and the type of fistula (p<0.05). Low transsphincteric fistulas were predominant in the anterior group (103/122 patients vs. 10/19 patients), while in the posterior group, it was more common in the high transsphincteric fistulas (7/19 patients vs. 14/122 patients), and the intersphincteric fistulas (1/19 patients vs. 5/122 patients); and the suprasphincteric fistulas were only seen in the posterior group (1 patient).ConclusionAnal fistulas with scrotal extension are exceptions to Goodsalls rule. Albeit long-tract fistulas, most are low transsphincteric and have anterior internal openings

ĐA DẠNG DI TRUYỀN QUẦN THỂ CÁ CHÌNH HOA (Anguilla marmorata) TẠI QUẢNG TRỊ

This study was conducted to evaluate the population genetic diversity of the wild Anguilla marmorata in Quang Tri province by comparing the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial control region (CR) gene with those of other giant mottled eel populations in the world. The results indicate that the genetic distance between individuals in the Quang Tri population ranged from 0 to 0.261, with an average of 0.024. Among 31 individuals, there were 203 distinct polymorphism sites (S), which led to 209 mutation sites (Eta) and 31 different haplotypes. The average number of distinct nucleotides (k) was 29,299. The nucleotide diversity factor (Pi) accounted for 26.09 × 10–3, and the minimum number of recombination processes (Rm) in the population was 51 events. The majority of eel samples collected at the site had close genetic relationships with those of the North Pacific population (27/31 individuals), and four eel samples had close genetic relationships with those of the South Pacific population. The finding of the four giant mottled eels in Quang Tri belonging to the South Pacific population is considered a significant result of this study.Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá đa dạng di truyền của quần thể cá Chình hoa (Anguilla marmorata) tự nhiên tại tỉnh Quảng Trị dựa trên việc so sánh trình tự DNA của vùng gene điều khiển CR (control region) ty thể với các quần thể cá Chình hoa trên thế giới. Kết quả cho thấy khoảng cách di truyền giữa các cá thể trong quần thể dao động từ 0 đến 0,261, đạt trung bình 0,024. Trong 31 cá thể, 203 vị trí đa hình tách biệt (S) đã tạo ra 209 vị trí đột biến (Eta) với 31 kiểu haplotype khác nhau. Số lượng các nucleotide khác biệt trung bình là 29.299 (k); hệ số đa dạng nucleotide chiếm 26,09 × 10–3 (Pi); số lượng tối thiểu để xẩy ra quá trình tái tổ hợp (Rm) trong quần thể tương ứng với 51 sự kiện. Phần lớn cá thể thu được tại Quảng Trị có quan hệ di truyền gần gũi với quần thể cá Chình hoa Bắc Thái Bình Dương (27/31 cá thể) và 4 cá thể có mối quan hệ di truyền gần gũi với quần thể Nam Thái Bình Dương. Việc phát hiện các cá thể Chình hoa tại Quảng Trị có di truyền gần gũi với các cá thể thuộc Nam Thái Bình Dương được xem như một điểm đáng chú ý trong nghiên cứu này

What Makes You a Whistleblower? A Multi‑Country Field Study on the Determinants of the Intention to Report Wrongdoing

Whistleblowers have significantly shaped the state of contemporary society; in this context, this research sheds light on a persistently neglected research area: what are the key determinants of whistleblowing within government agencies? Taking a unique methodological approach, we combine evidence from two pieces of fieldwork, conducted using both primary and secondary data from the US and Indonesia. In Study 1, we use a large-scale survey conducted by the US Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB). Additional tests are conducted in Study 1, making comparisons between those who have and those who do not have whistleblowing experience. In Study 2, we replicate the survey conducted by the MSPB, using empirical data collected in Indonesia. We find a mixture of corroboration of previous results and unexpected findings between the two samples (US and Indonesia). The most relevant result is that perceived organizational protection has a significant positive effect on whistleblowing intention in the US sample, but a similar result was not found in the Indonesian sample. We argue that this difference is potentially due to the weakness of whistleblowing protection in Indonesia, which opens avenues for further understanding the role of societal cultures in protecting whistleblowers around the globe

Correction to: What Makes You a Whistleblower? A Multi-Country Field Study on the Determinants of the Intention to Report Wrongdoing (Journal of Business Ethics, (2022), 10.1007/s10551-022-05089-y)

The wrong Supplementary file was originally published with this article; it has now been replaced with the correct file

Spatiotemporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants during large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19, Vietnam, 2021

We analyzed 1,303 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Vietnam, and found the Alpha and Delta variants were responsible for a large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19 in 2021. The Delta variant was confined to the AY.57 lineage and caused >1.7 million infections and >32,000 deaths. Viral transmission was strongly affected by nonpharmaceutical interventions