1,750 research outputs found
Differentially Private Publication of Sparse Data
The problem of privately releasing data is to provide a version of a dataset
without revealing sensitive information about the individuals who contribute to
the data. The model of differential privacy allows such private release while
providing strong guarantees on the output. A basic mechanism achieves
differential privacy by adding noise to the frequency counts in the contingency
tables (or, a subset of the count data cube) derived from the dataset. However,
when the dataset is sparse in its underlying space, as is the case for most
multi-attribute relations, then the effect of adding noise is to vastly
increase the size of the published data: it implicitly creates a huge number of
dummy data points to mask the true data, making it almost impossible to work
with.
We present techniques to overcome this roadblock and allow efficient private
release of sparse data, while maintaining the guarantees of differential
privacy. Our approach is to release a compact summary of the noisy data.
Generating the noisy data and then summarizing it would still be very costly,
so we show how to shortcut this step, and instead directly generate the summary
from the input data, without materializing the vast intermediate noisy data. We
instantiate this outline for a variety of sampling and filtering methods, and
show how to use the resulting summary for approximate, private, query
answering. Our experimental study shows that this is an effective, practical
solution, with comparable and occasionally improved utility over the costly
materialization approach
Simple Combined Model for Nonlinear Excitations in DNA
We propose a new simple model for DNA denaturation bases on the pendulum
model of Englander\cite{A1} and the microscopic model of Peyrard {\it et
al.},\cite{A3} so called "combined model". The main parameters of our model
are: the coupling constant along each strand, the mean stretching
of the hydrogen bonds, the ratio of the damping constant and driven force
. We show that both the length of unpaired bases and the velocity
of kinks depend on not only the coupling constant but also the
temperature . Our results are in good agreement with previous works.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Detection of lithium in nearby young late-M dwarfs
Late M-type dwarfs in the solar neighborhood include a mixture of very
low-mass stars and brown dwarfs which is difficult to disentangle due to the
lack of constraints on their age such as trigonometric parallax, lithium
detection and space velocity.
We search for young brown dwarf candidates among a sample of 28 nearby late-M
dwarfs with spectral types between M5.0 and M9.0, and we also search for debris
disks around three of them.
Based on theoretical models, we used the color , the -band absolute
magnitude and the detection of the Li I 6708 doublet line as a strong
constraint to estimate masses and ages of our targets. For the search of debris
disks, we observed three targets at submillimeter wavelength of 850 m.
We report here the first clear detections of lithium absorption in four
targets and a marginal detection in one target. Our mass estimates indicate
that two of them are young brown dwarfs, two are young brown dwarf candidates
and one is a young very low-mass star. The closest young field brown dwarf in
our sample at only 15 pc is an excellent benchmark for further studying
physical properties of brown dwarfs in the range 100150 Myr. We did not
detect any debris disks around three late-M dwarfs, and we estimated upper
limits to the dust mass of debris disks around them.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
One-loop expressions for in Higgs extensions of the Standard Model
A systematic study of one-loop contributions to the decay channels
with , performed in
Higgs extended versions of the Standard Model, is presented in the 't
Hooft-Veltman gauge. Analytic formulas for one-loop form factors are expressed
in terms of the logarithm and di-logarithmic functions. As a result, these form
factors can be reduced to those relating to the loop-induced decay processes
, confirming not only previous results
using different approaches but also close relations between the three kinds of
the loop-induced Higgs decay rates. For phenomenological study, we focus on the
two observables, namely the enhancement factors defined as ratios of the decay
rates calculated between the Higgs extended versions and the standard model,
and the forward-backward asymmetries of fermions, which can be used to search
for Higgs extensions of the SM. We show that direct effects of mixing between
neutral Higgs bosons and indirect contributions of charged Higg boson exchanges
can be probed at future colliders.Comment: 39 pages, 9 Figures, 11 Tables of dat
When can we reconstruct the ancestral state? Beyond Brownian motion
Reconstructing the ancestral state of a group of species helps answer many
important questions in evolutionary biology. Therefore, it is crucial to
understand when we can estimate the ancestral state accurately. Previous works
provide a necessary and sufficient condition, called the big bang condition,
for the existence of an accurate reconstruction method under discrete trait
evolution models and the Brownian motion model. In this paper, we extend this
result to a wide range of continuous trait evolution models. In particular, we
consider a general setting where continuous traits evolve along the tree
according to stochastic processes that satisfy some regularity conditions. We
verify these conditions for popular continuous trait evolution models including
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, reflected Brownian Motion, and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross
Assessment of seasonal winter temperature forecast errors in the regcm model over northern Vietnam
This study verified the seasonal six-month forecasts for winter temperatures for northern Vietnam in 1998–2018 using a regional climate model (RegCM4) with the boundary conditions of the climate forecast system Version 2 (CFSv2) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). First, different physical schemes (land-surface process, cumulus, and radiation parameterizations) in RegCM4 were applied to generate 12 single forecasts. Second, the simple ensemble forecasts were generated through the combinations of those different physical formulations. Three subclimate regions (R1, R2, R3) of northern Vietnam were separately tested with surface observations and a reanalysis dataset (Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA55)). The highest sensitivity to the mean monthly temperature forecasts was shown by the land-surface parameterizations (the biosphere−atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) and community land model version 4.5 (CLM)). The BATS forecast groups tended to provide forecasts with lower temperatures than the actual observations, while the CLM forecast groups tended to overestimate the temperatures. The forecast errors from single forecasts could be clearly reduced with ensemble mean forecasts, but ensemble spreads were less than those root-mean-square errors (RMSEs). This indicated that the ensemble forecast was underdispersed and that the direct forecast from RegCM4 needed more postprocessing
- …