Dollarization in Viet Nam

The paper maps the dollarization process in Vietnam since the beginning 1990s. We analyze the pros and cons of complete currency substitution. We discuss different forms and degrees of dollarization, and why some countries dollarized and others not. Further, the paper analyzes the case of partial dollarization, its implied risks for financial sector stability and the underlying dynamics of dollarization. Finally, we describe ways to reverse dollarization. The main conclusions are that dollarization is not a viable exchange rate regime option for Vietnam; furthermore, the current status of a partly dollarized economy poses considerable risks for financial sector stability and makes the country prone to exogenous shocks. The recent dollarization of banks’ loan portfolio has considerably increased systemic risk. The foreseeable opening of the Vietnamese economy will significantly increase the risks related to dollarization.

Wavelet-Based Kernel Construction for Heart Disease Classification

© 2019 ADVANCES IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERINGHeart disease classification plays an important role in clinical diagnoses. The performance improvement of an Electrocardiogram classifier is therefore of great relevance, but it is a challenging task too. This paper proposes a novel classification algorithm using the kernel method. A kernel is constructed based on wavelet coefficients of heartbeat signals for a classifier with high performance. In particular, a wavelet packet decomposition algorithm is applied to heartbeat signals to obtain the Approximation and Detail coefficients, which are used to calculate the parameters of the kernel. A principal component analysis algorithm with the wavelet-based kernel is employed to choose the main features of the heartbeat signals for the input of the classifier. In addition, a neural network with three hidden layers in the classifier is utilized for classifying five types of heart disease. The electrocardiogram signals in nine patients obtained from the MIT-BIH database are used to test the proposed classifier. In order to evaluate the performance of the classifier, a multi-class confusion matrix is applied to produce the performance indexes, including the Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F1 score. The experimental results show that the proposed method gives good results for the classification of the five mentioned types of heart disease.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Inverse dynamic analysis of milling machining robot, application in calibration of cutting force

This article presents analysis of inverse dynamics of serial manipulators in milling process. Cutting forces and complicated motion involve to difficulties in solving dynamics problems of robots. In general, cutting forces are determined by using empirical formulas that lead to errors of cutting force values. Moreover, the cutting forces are changing and causing vibration during machining process. Errors of cutting force values affect to the accuracy of the dynamic model. This paper proposes an algorithm to compute the cutting forces based on the feedback values of the robot's motion.   

広南阮氏の首府とフエ文化と中部ベトナム文化形成過程

VĂN HÓA - LỊCH SỬ HUẾ QUA GÓC NHÌN LÀNG XÃ PHỤ CẬN VÀ QUAN HỆ VỚI BÊN NGOÀI Session 3: Văn hoá - lịch sử Huế trong mối quan hệ với bên ngoài　フエの文化と歴史：周辺集落と外部との関係からの視点より　Session 3: Culture - history of Hue in relationship with the outside regions　外との関係におけるフエの歴史・文

Pathogenicity and diagnostics of non-group A porcine rotaviruses

Rotavirus-associated diarrhea is a common enteric disease in piglets. Group A, B, and C rotaviruses have been implicated in US swine. While group A rotaviruses have been widely studied and attributed as a major cause of the disease, little known about group B and C rotaviruses with respect to their pathogenicity/pathogenesis as well as diagnostics and prevention/control. To address such shortfalls, three studies were carried out. The objective of the first study was producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PoRV A, B, and C. To that goal, full-length VP6 protein gene of each serogroup was cloned from feces positive for respective virus and expressed in a baculovirus system using Bac-to-Bac cloning and expression kits. The recombinant proteins, purified in their native conditions, were used to immunize mice. A VP6-based ELISA and an indirect fluorescent antibody test using Sf9 cells expressing VP6 of PoRV A, B or C were used to screen hybridomas. The protein specificity of selected MAbs were further verified by Western immunoblot, and the isotype of each MAb was determined using a commercial murine antibody isotyping kit. Based on all these evaluations, MAb 10A11, 10B1 and 11H3, which were of IgG isotype, were selected for PoRV A, B and C, respectively. The MAbs specific for PoRV A and C were proven to be useful for immunohistochemical staining to detect these viruses in formalin-fixed intestinal tissues, which can aid more accurate diagnostic investigation of rotavirus-associated diarrhea. The second study was to compare the pathogenicity of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) A, B and C individually or in combinations in immunologically naïve newborn piglets. Forty-eight one-day-old Cesarean-Derived Colostrum-Deprived (CDCD) pigs were divided into eight groups. Pigs in each group were challenged with rotaviruses that belong to individual group A, B, C or all combinations. Clinical

The Rate And Process Of Mangrove Forest Expansion On Above- And Belowground Carbon Relations In Coastal Louisiana

Global climate change is a major environmental threat to natural and cultural resources in low-lying coastal zones and deltas worldwide. It is expected to have a significant effect on the development of coastal wetlands by changing species range expansion. In fact, recent studies have shown that there has been an increasing mangrove encroachment poleward in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres into temperate saltmarsh zones due to the lack of freeze events. This phenomenon could have a critical impact on the structure and function of tidal wetlands at critical latitudes, especially in carbon sequestration, since mangroves are thought to sequester more carbon than marshes due to their extensive roots, leaves, and branches. To understand this likely outcome of climate warming better, a study site was established in Port Fourchon, Louisiana, where mangroves are expanding into formerly saltmarsh-dominated habitat. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate and process of the conversion of marsh to mangrove and associated carbon sequestration of soils of historically saltmarsh or mangrove dominated cover in this locale. A chronosequence approach was used to compare carbon stores between mangrove and saltmarsh at different states of mangrove cover