Influence of Growth Time on Zinc Oxide Nano Rods Prepared By Dip Coating Method

ABSTRACT: The Dip coating method was used for the preparation of ZnO nano rods and their structural, morphological, optical and photoluminescence properties were taken for study. ZnO seed layer thin films were prepared by dip coating method on well cleaned glass substrates. ZnO seed-coated glass substrates were immersed in aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) at three different growth time of 3, 4 and 5 hours at low temperature of 90°C. 0.02 mol of Zinc nitrate and 0.2 mol of Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) on 1:10 molar concentration were used for the growth of Zinc oxide nano rods. The growth time influence on the surface morphology of the films was examined. The structure of the ZnO nano rod was studied with X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology was studied with Scanning Electron Microscope. The absorption and transmittance was studied with UVVis spectrophotometer. The excitation studies were examined with photoluminescence spectroscopy. Experimental results have shown that prepared ZnO nano rods by this method have increase in c-axis orientation due to increase in growth time

Elucidation of the RamA Regulon in Klebsiella pneumoniae Reveals a Role in LPS Regulation

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant human pathogen, in part due to high rates of multidrug resistance. RamA is an intrinsic regulator in K. pneumoniae established to be important for the bacterial response to antimicrobial challenge; however, little is known about its possible wider regulatory role in this organism during infection. In this work, we demonstrate that RamA is a global transcriptional regulator that significantly perturbs the transcriptional landscape of K. pneumoniae, resulting in altered microbe-drug or microbe-host response. This is largely due to the direct regulation of 68 genes associated with a myriad of cellular functions. Importantly, RamA directly binds and activates the lpxC, lpxL-2 and lpxO genes associated with lipid A biosynthesis, thus resulting in modifications within the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide. RamA-mediated alterations decrease susceptibility to colistin E, polymyxin B and human cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Increased RamA levels reduce K. pneumoniae adhesion and uptake into macrophages, which is supported by in vivo infection studies, that demonstrate increased systemic dissemination of ramA overexpressing K. pneumoniae. These data establish that RamA-mediated regulation directly perturbs microbial surface properties, including lipid A biosynthesis, which facilitate evasion from the innate host response. This highlights RamA as a global regulator that confers pathoadaptive phenotypes with implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of Enterobacter, Salmonella and Citrobacter spp. that express orthologous RamA proteins

Chemical reactivity, solvent effects, spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman, SERS, UV–Visible), Hirshfeld analyses and antimalarial investigation of 3-Acetylbenzoic acid

The antimalarial compound 3-AcetylBenzoic acid (3ABA) was characterized by spectroscopic and UV–Visible spectral techniques. The most stable structure of 3ABA molecule was studied for PES analysis. The geometrical optimization, spectral investigations (Infrared and Raman were performed), electronic transitions and the energy gap between Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) and chemical nature of the title molecule were described (gas and solvation phase) for UV–Visible investigations. The adsorption energy is almost the same for Au and Ag, causing the nmCs to form stable clusters with Au and Ag. In all complexes with 3ABA, Raman spectra reveal an improvement. The donor acceptor's interaction and stabilization energy were analysed by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses. The chemical reactivity of the title molecule is illustrated using Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Electron Localized Function (ELF), Localized Orbital Locator (LOL), and Hirshfeld analyses. The antimalarial and antibacterial activities were investigated for Enogl acyl carrier proteins (1NHG, 4M89) using molecular docking analysis

Multilingual Interface for Grid Market Directory Services: An Experience with Supporting Tamil

Providing Internet and Web application interfaces in local languages is gaining popularly recently as it helps in making their services accessible to people who cannot understand English language. Grid computing has emerged as one of the recent applications of Internet and aims at delivering computing as the 5 th utility much like the four fundamental utilities—electricity, water, telephone, and gas. This paper presents our work on localization and provisioning of Grid computing services in Tamil (a language spoken in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu). We have proposed and developed a Tamil interface for the Grid Market Directory (GMD) services as it aims to provide one of the fundamental Grid services that are essential for bringing together producers and consumers of Grid services. The paper presents architecture for location of the GMD and its user interfaces, implementation mechanism, and steps for localization. It then provides snapshots of GMD interfaces in Tamil and demonstrates the overhead of providing GMD services in Tamil is very minimal compared to presenting the same in English. 1

Assessment of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep in the vertigo patients

Background: Dysfunction of the vestibular system was linked with the development of psychological and sleep disorders. Vertigo is one of the most common clinical syndromes with a five percent prevalence in the adult population. Aim and Objective: To determine the depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep in vertigo patients. Material and Methods: A total of 50 male and female vertigo patients were part of the study after obtaining informed consent. Age and gender-matched 50 controls were also recruited. After recruitment, the participants underwent a general physical examination and filling out the questionnaires. Results: Age was not significantly different between the groups. Higher scores of depression were present in the cases when compared to the control group. Higher levels of anxiety were observed in the cases when compared with the control group. Significantly higher levels of stress scores were observed in the cases when compared to the control group. Significantly higher scores of insomnia were observed in the cases when compared with the control group. Conclusion: The present study results explain that there were significantly higher scores of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia scores in the participants of the cases group when compared with the control group

Mechanisms of reduced susceptibility and genotypic prediction of antibiotic resistance in Prevotella isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients

To investigate mechanisms of reduced susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in Prevotella cultured from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), patients with invasive infection and healthy control subjects and to determine whether genotype can be used to predict phenotypic resistance

Antibiotic resistance in Prevotella species isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis

OBJECTIVES: To compare the antimicrobial susceptibility of Prevotella spp. isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients and analyse the impact of antibiotic prescribing in the preceding year on resistance amongst CF isolates. METHODS: The susceptibility of 80 CF Prevotella isolates to 12 antibiotics was compared with that of 50 Prevotella isolates from invasive infections in people who did not have CF and 27 Prevotella isolates from healthy controls. RESULTS: All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam, with only four isolates resistant to metronidazole. However, resistance to amoxicillin, ceftazidime and tetracycline was apparent in all groups. Significant differences in clindamycin resistance (UK CF, 56%; UK invasive, 10%) and co-amoxiclav non-susceptibility (UK CF, 32%; UK invasive, 12%) were observed between UK CF and UK invasive isolates. The likelihood of non-susceptibility to clindamycin and co-amoxiclav in UK CF isolates was 5.5-fold and 2.5-fold higher relative to that in UK invasive isolates, respectively. Azithromycin MICs were also significantly higher for CF isolates (P < 0.001), which was associated with current prescription of azithromycin. More than 50% of clinical isolates tested in this study were β-lactamase positive. CONCLUSIONS: This study profiles antibiotic susceptibility in Prevotella spp. in CF and demonstrates that meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, chloramphenicol and metronidazole are likely to be the most effective antibiotics if treatment is indicated