Cell death profile after treatment with IC₅₀ of the ExEP-P and ExEP-A.

<p>(A) Dot plots indicating the flow cytometry, and (B) representative diagrams obtained via flow cytometry of cells stained with annexin V-FITC/PI; Anx^–/PI^–: viable cells; Anx⁺/PI^–: apoptotic cells; Anx^–/PI⁺: necrotic cells, and Anx⁺/PI⁺: cells in late apoptosis. ***p < 0.001 treated group versus control viable cells. ^###p < 0.001 treated group versus control apoptosis. ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 treated group versus control necrosis. ^xxxp < 0.001 and ^xp < 0.05 treated group versus control late apoptosis.</p

DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (%) of ExEP at different concentrations (μg/mL).

<p>DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (%) of ExEP at different concentrations (μg/mL).</p

Viability of K562 cells at 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after treatment with IC₅₀ of the ExEP-P or ExEP-A.

<p>Images are representative of those seen from at least three such fields of view per sample and three independent repeats.</p

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of propolis of <i>Plebeia droryana</i> and <i>Apis mellifera</i> (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado biome - Fig 3

<p>Cytotoxic activity of ExEP from (A) <i>P</i>. <i>droryana</i> and (B) <i>A</i>. <i>mellifera</i> against the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and K562 erythroleukemia cell lines.</p

Effect of a necrosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) on cell death mediated by ExEP-P and ExEP-A.

<p>*** p<0.0001 compared with the control group. # p<0.05 NEC-1+ ExEP-P compared with the ExEP-P.</p

Compounds identified in nonpolar fraction of ExEP from <i>P</i>. <i>droryana</i> (ExEP-P) and <i>A</i>. <i>mellifera</i> (ExEP-A) by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

<p>Compounds identified in nonpolar fraction of ExEP from <i>P</i>. <i>droryana</i> (ExEP-P) and <i>A</i>. <i>mellifera</i> (ExEP-A) by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p

Compounds identified in polar fraction of ExEP from <i>Plebeia droryana</i> (ExEP-P) and <i>Apis mellifera</i> (ExEP-A) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

<p>Compounds identified in polar fraction of ExEP from <i>Plebeia droryana</i> (ExEP-P) and <i>Apis mellifera</i> (ExEP-A) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p