Aspects of Toxoplasma Infection on the Reproductive System of Experimentally Infected Rams (Ovis Aries)

Eight reproductive rams with no prior reproductive disease were distributed into three groups of infection with T. gondii: GI, 3 rams, 2.0 × 105 P strain oocysts; GII, 3 rams, 1.0 × 106 RH strain tachyzoites; GIII, 2 control rams. Clinical parameters were measured and serological evaluations (IIF) were performed. Presence of the parasite in the semen was investigated by PCR and bioassay techniques. The rams presented clinical alterations (hyperthermia and apathy) related to toxoplasmosis in both groups infected with Toxoplasma gondii. All the inoculated rams responded to antigenic stimulus, producing antibodies against T. gondii from postinoculation day 5 onwards. In ovine groups I and II, the greatest titers observed were 1 : 4096 and 1 : 8192, respectively. In semen samples collected from these two groups, the presence of T. gondii was detected by bioassay and PCR. This coccidian was isolated (bioassay and PCR) in tissue pools (testicles, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostrate) from two rams infected presenting oocysts and in one presenting tachyzoites

Avaliação do desenvolvimento de competências afetivas e empáticas do futuro médico

Dentre os desafios atuais da educação médica, encontra-se a inserção curricular de conteúdos e experiências educacionais voltados para o desenvolvimento de competências afetivas. A literatura tem indicado um declínio gradual do idealismo e humanismo do estudante ao longo do curso, indício de erosão do currículo médico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de competências afetivas e empáticas dos estudantes do curso de Medicina da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), por meio da análise de 39 narrativas produzidas por estudantes da segunda e terceira séries em 2010. A análise de conteúdo baseou-se na epistemologia qualitativa, com base na qual foram estabelecidas três categorias: ritual de iniciação do estudante: vivências e dificuldades; vivências emocionais no decorrer da formação médica; benefícios pedagógicos da medicina narrativa: os desafios do desenvolvimento da empatia. A segunda série pareceu representar para os estudantes uma fase de adaptação ao contexto hospitalar, vista a necessidade de exteriorização dos próprios conflitos e de suas barreiras emocionais. Na terceira série, observou-se melhor desenvolvimento tanto de habilidades empáticas quanto de uma visão mais integral da condição dos pacientes e seus dramas. Conclui-se que a medicina narrativa foi uma abordagem efetiva para o aprendizado da empatia e da competência afetiva nos estudantes de Medicina, além de instrumento válido em nosso meio para avaliação de competências empáticas e humanísticas. A progressiva adesão dos estudantes legitima e consolida a medicina narrativa no espaço curricular, revalorizando a formação médica em suas práticas intersubjetivas. Entretanto, este estudo aponta a necessidade de novas investigações, utilizando-se métodos mistos para melhor compreensão do impacto dessa abordagem a longo prazo

Sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep

Male sheep of reproductive age were distributed into three groups: GI, a sheep inoculated (oral) with 2.0×105 oocysts of the P strain of Toxoplasma gondii; GII, a sheep infected (subcutaneous) with 1.0×106 tachyzoites of the RH strain of T. gondii; and GIII, a sheep kept as a control (not infected). After the inoculation of the males, 12 breeding ewes, which were not pregnant and which were serologically negative for reproductive diseases (particularly toxoplasmosis), were distributed into three groups, synchronized, and subsequently exposed to natural mating with previously inoculated males. The distribution was as follows: five ewes that underwent natural mating with the GI male, five ewes that were exposed to natural mating with the GII male, and two ewes that were mated with the non-infected male (control). Serum samples of all the ewes were collected on days -30, -14, -7, -1, and 0 (days before natural mating) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and weekly until birth; the presence of serum antibodies against T. gondii was assessed by IFAT. Using a bioassay and PCR, T. gondii was isolated from the semen of the infected reproducing sheep before mating. Following natural mating, 5 of the 12 females displayed antibodies specific for T. gondii; of these animals, two of the ewes underwent natural mating with the male inoculated with oocysts (GI) and three with the male infected with tachyzoites (GII). One of the females that displayed antibodies specific to this coccidian and that underwent natural mating with the GII sheep had a macerated fetus on the 70th day following coverage. Using a bioassay after the birth, it was possible to isolate T. gondii from samples of the pool of tissues from the five females that seroconverted after natural mating and from their respective lambs. Using PCR, the DNA of T. gondii was isolated from the pool of tissues from one and two females exposed to natural mating with the reproductive males infected with the oocysts and tachyzoites, respectively. Using this technique, it was also possible to diagnose the presence of the parasite in the pool of tissues from the lambs of one female that underwent natural mating with the male sheep infected with oocysts. These results demonstrated the sexual transmission of T. gondii in the sheep species with consequent vertical transmission to their lambs. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in sheep raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in sheep from different properties in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil were determined. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found in sera of 52.0% of 488 sheep tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT >= 64). T gondii seropositivity in sheep was significantly associated with gender of the sheep, pasturing system, contact with cats, and the use of mineral supplements and the type of feed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Toxoplasma gondii: Infection natural congenital in cattle and an experimental inoculation of gestating cows with oocysts

Two studies, of a natural infection and an experimental infection, were performed in order to study congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle. In the first study, 50 fetuses were harvested from gestating cows that were eutanasied at a municipal slaughterhouse in Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, Brazil. In the second study, 11 gestating cows were divided into four groups for inoculation with T. gondii: GI consisted of three cows inoculated with 1.0 x 10(5) oocysts during their first trimester of gestation; GII consisted of three cows inoculated with 1.0 x 10(5) oocysts during their second trimester of gestation; GIII consisted of three cows inoculated with 1.0 x 10(5) oocysts during their last trimester of gestation; and GIV consisted of two control cows, one during its first and the other during its second trimester of gestation. In both studies, the presence of T. gondii was confirmed both indirectly by immunofluorescence assay (IFAT). In the natural infection experiment, 18% (9/50) of the gestating cows were confirmed to have specific antibodies (IFAT - 1:64) against T. gondii. The bioassay was able to diagnose the presence of T. gondii in the tissue samples from three calves. In the second experiment, the nine cows from groups I, II and III presented with specific antibodies (IFAT) against T. gondii. In contrast, T. gondii could not be detected by IFAT, histopathological examination or the bioassay in any of the nine calves born to cows experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts. Based on the results from both studies, we conclude that congenital infection of T. gondii in cattle, while infrequent, does occur naturally. The pathogenicity of the strain of T. gondii may influence the likelihood of this route of transmission. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Translocation and post-release monitoring of captive-raised Blue-fronted Amazons Amazona aestiva.

Translocation is a useful tool for the conservation of endangered species, because it enables individuals to be moved between wild populations and between captivity and the wild. The use of captive-raised animals in these processes is sometimes the only option to recover a declining population, but captive-raised parrots are commonly seen as the worst candidates for release because they lose their ability to recognize predators, to find food in the wild and to socialize with conspecifics. The Blue-fronted Amazon Amazona aestiva is one of the most popular parrot species in captivity. Thirty-one parrots were soft released and monitored during 13 continuous months in a Cerrado area (savannahlike vegetation) of Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Three released parrots (10%) were confirmed to die and five (16%) disappeared soon after release and no behavioral recordings or data about their destinations were available. Ten parrots (32%) showed behaviors that suggest adaptation to the wild and 13 individuals (42%) expressed behaviors more typical of captivity. Difficulties in settling were observed for the parrots after release. One released pair, and one female paired with a wild male, reproduced. There was a tendency to decrease in all captive-related behaviors and to increase in wild-related behaviors since time after release. Supplementary food use diminished as the parrots explored natural food resources. This study indicates that confiscated captive-raised parrots can be good candidates for translocation if a training program could be applied prior to their release to reduce undesirable behaviors and the chance of re-capturing by humans. Furthermore, the use of non-endangered species in conservation programs can be useful to create protocols for the conservation programs of rare and endangered species

The Presence and Extension of Myocardial Fibrosis in the Undetermined Form of Chagas' Disease: A Study Using Magnetic Resonance

Soares, Milena Botelho Pereira; Souza, Bruno Solano de Freitas. "Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-04-20T13:56:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo M MN The Presence and Extension of Myocardial....pdf: 310157 bytes, checksum: 86221f48269777cd2e4a5626ff016b0b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-04-20T14:18:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo M MN The Presence and Extension of Myocardial....pdf: 310157 bytes, checksum: 86221f48269777cd2e4a5626ff016b0b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T14:18:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo M MN The Presence and Extension of Myocardial....pdf: 310157 bytes, checksum: 86221f48269777cd2e4a5626ff016b0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Hospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Hospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital São Rafael. Fundação Monte Tabor. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilPrevious data has shown that patients in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease may present myocardial fibrosis as shown on through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is little information available regarding the degree of severity of myocardial fibrosis in these individuals. This variable has the potential to predict the evolution of Chagas' disease into its cardiac form