Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

The emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) is a public health problem that affects women and children. Local data of HIVDR is critical to improving their care and treatment. So, we investigated HIVDR in mothers and infants receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. This study included 50 mothers and 50 infants on ART. CD4 and HIV-1 viral load were determined using FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt respectively. HIVDR was determined in patients with virologic failure using ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System kit on the 3130 Genetic Analyzer. The median age was 37.28 years in mothers and 1.58 year in infants. Sequencing of samples showed subtypes CRF02_AG (55.56%), CRF06_cpx (33.33%) and G (11.11%). M184V was the most frequent and was associated with highlevel resistance to 3TC, FTC, and ABC. Other mutations such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q were associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC. No mutation to LPV/r was detected among mothers and infants. The findings of HIVDR in some mothers and infants suggested the change of treatment for these persons

Molecular Characterization of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in over 99% of cervical cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in a population of women in Bobo-Dioulasso and to identify the high-risk types present in these women. From May to June, 2015, 181 women who came for consultation at the Souro Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso have been included in this study. Uterine endocervical swabs have been taken in these women. DNA obtained by extraction from the samples thus collected was used to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes through real-time PCR. The age of the women ranged from 20 to 56 years with a mean of 35.3±8.1 years. The prevalence of infection by high-risk HPV types was 25.4% (46/181). The most common high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV 39 (18.5%), HPV 52 (16.7%), HPV 18 (14.8%), and HPV 35 (13.0%). HPV 16 which is included in the HPV vaccines was not found in the population studied. This type of study which is the first one in Bobo-Dioulasso has showed a high prevalence of genotypes HPV 39, HPV 52, and HPV 35 which are not yet covered by a vaccine

Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review

Abstract Introduction The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get off the ground. This systematic review’s aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in West African women. Methods Original studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. In these studies, Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybrid capture, and sequencing. The quality of the articles was assessed and the results were extracted and reviewed. Results Thirty-nine studies from 10 West African countries were included for the systematic review including 30 for the pooled analysis. From an overall of 17358 participants, 5126 of whom were infected with at least one HPV genotype, the systematic review showed a prevalence varying from 8.9% to 81.8% in the general population. In contrast, the pooled prevalence of infection was 28.6% (n = 3890; 95% CI 27.85–29.38), and HPV-52 (13.3%), HPV-56 (9.3%), and HPV-35 (8.2) were the most frequent. Quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines covered 18.2% and 55.8% of identified genotypes respectively. Conclusion Faced with this growing public health challenge in West Africa, it would be necessary for all its countries to have reliable data on HPV infection and to introduce the nonavalent vaccine. A study of the genotypic distribution of HPV in high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer would be very useful in West Africa

Genotypic distribution of human oncogenic papillomaviruses in sexually active women in Burkina Faso: Central, Central-Eastern and Hauts-Bassins regions

this study was conducted to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes in women in the general population of three regions of Burkina Faso

Prévalence sous-estimée de Pneumocystis jirovecii chez les personnes séropositives au VIH-1 au Burkina Faso

La pneumocystose à Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP) est une infection opportuniste grave chez l’immunodéprimé. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de la PCP chez patients VIH-1positifs. Des échantillons de crachat de 83 patients ont été collectés dans des boites à crachat à usage unique. Après un mélange de l’échantillon avec 4 % de solution de NaOH, une série de centrifugation a été effectuée. Le culot a été récupéré dans des tubes Eppendorf et conservé à -20°C avant l’extraction de l’ADN. L’extraction et l’amplification de l’ADN ont ét é faites avec le kit « Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) Real – TM ». L’appar eil Real Time PCR Fast 7500 a été utilisé pour l’amplification. Les résultats de notre étude ont montré la présence de la PCP chez 84,34 % des patients. Parmi eux 61,4% avaient un taux de CD4 compris entre 200 à 350 Cellules/μl et 38,6 % des patients avaient un taux de CD4 < 200 Cellules/μl. Les femmes étaient les plus to uchée s (74,7 %). La toux , l’expectoration et la fièvre sont les signes cliniques les plus asso cié es à la survenue d’une PCP. Notre travail a permis de révéler la présence de cette maladie au sein des patients VIH-1positifs suivis à l’Hopital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou.Mots-clés: Pneumocystis à P. jirovecii, VIH, PCR en Temps Réelle, Burkina FasoEnglish Title: Underestimated presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV-1 infected people in Burkina FasoEnglish AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii pne umoc ystis (PCP) is a severe opport unistic in fe ction in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this s tudy was to determine the prevalence of PCP in HIV- 1 patients. Sputum samples from 83 patients were collected in single-use sputum boxes. After mixing the sample with 4% NaOH solution, a series of centrifugation was performed. The pellet was recovered in Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20 ° C p rior to DNA e xtraction. Extraction and amplification of the DNA w as done with the kit "Pneumocystis jirovecii (Carinii) Real - TM". Real Time PCR Fast 7500 was used for amplification. The results of our study showed the presence of PCP in among 84.34% of the HIV-1 positive patients. Among them, 61.4% had a CD4 count between 200 and 350 cells / μl and 38.6% of patients had a CD4 count <200 cells / μl. Women were the most affected (74.7%). Cough, sputum and fever were the clinical signs mostly associated with the occurrence of PCP. Our work has revealed the presence of this disease in HIV-1 positive patients followed at St. Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou.Keywords: P. jirovecii Pneumocystis, HIV, Real-Time PCR, Burkina Fas

Oncogenic human papillomavirus infection and genotypes characterization among sexually active women in Tenkodogo at Burkina Faso, West Africa

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes among sexually active women in Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso. Methods: Among 131 sexually active women attending the Tenkodogo Urban Medical Center, endocervical samples were collected prior to screening for precancerous lesions. After viral DNA extraction, fourteen HR-HPV genotypes were characterized by real-time multiplex PCR in these cervical samples. Results: The mean age was 35.5 ± 9.5 years. Of the 131 women, 45 were infected with at least one HR-HPV genotype. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among these women was 34.4%. Among the 45 oncogenic HPV-infected women, single HR-HPV genotype was found in 55.6% while 44.4% were infected with more than one HR-HPV genotype. The most frequent genotypes were HPV56 (36.5%), HPV66 (36.5%). Conclusion: Tenkodogo women included in this study had a higher prevalence of HPV 56, HPV 66. A larger study with a more representative sample would therefore be needed to determine predominant oncogenic genotypes in the subregion and especially in cancer cases. Keywords: High-risk HPV, Real time PCR, Genotypes, Multiple infections, Tenkodog

Polymorphism of MMP1 and MMP3 promoter regions and HR-HPV infection in women from Burkina Faso and Côte d‘Ivoire

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the promoter region of MMP-1 (at 1607 bp) and MMP-3 (at 1171 bp) create Ets binding sites. Correlations between these SNPs and sensitivity to several biological processes such as metastasis and recurrence of cancer have been reported in several studies

Cervical Cancer Induced by Human Papillomaviruses in the Context of Africa: Contribution of Genomics

In recent years, Africa has been increasingly involved in biotechnology and genomics. However, this interest is much more accentuated in the field of agriculture. From published studies, we know that biotechnology and genomics can be of great interest in the health field. Africa would, therefore, benefit from investing in these disciplines, especially since the continent is facing several pandemics and epidemics. The objective of this chapter is to make a review of the applications in genomics already existing in Africa, particularly in Burkina Faso, to show the interest of genomics in the field of health by taking into account the context of developing countries and to specify the possible applications of genomics in the fight against papillomaviridae and their associated cancer

Molecular Epidemiology of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Burkina Faso

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes in childbearing age women, teenage girls, HIV-infected women, women with high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, sex workers, men, and otolaryngology tumor cases in Burkina Faso. This descriptive cross-sectional study with several target groups, consisted of 2386 samples from Burkina Faso. HR-HPV genotypes were characterized using real-time multiplex PCR. The prevalence of HR-HPV ranged from 15.63 to 72.31% depending on the target population and the nature of the samples. The most predominant genotypes in descending order were HPV-56, HPV-52, HPV-39, HPV-59, HPV-51, HPV-35, HPV-31, HPV-18, HPV-68, HPV-16, HPV-66, HPV-58, HPV-45, and HPV-33. The results of the present study show a wide variation in the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in Burkina Faso. Genotypes 16 and 18 covered by HPV vaccines only accounted for 32.23% of HR-HPV cases