Comparing the Effect of Voluntary and Electrical Fatigue of Quadriceps on Postural Control

Introduction: Postural control is necessary for conducting all activities and is the result of corporation of somatosensory, visual and vestibular systems. Impairment in each of these systems leads to disturbance of postural control and increases the risk of falling and injury. Fatigue is one of the common conditions that can affect postural control. The aim of this study was to elucidate different effects of Electrical Stimulation (ES) and Voluntary (Vol) quadriceps fatigues on postural control. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional randomized order of testing study was performed at Biomechanics Laboratory of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from December 2014 to May 2015. Sixteen healthy active males (24.5±1.36 yr; height: 155.37±53.79 cm and body weight: 70.93±4.5 kg) participated. All the participants underwent two fatigue protocols: ES and VOL contractions. Each fatigue procedure contains isometric contraction with five seconds holding contraction, two seconds rest between each contraction and intensity of voluntary contraction was 20% of Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC). In each fatigue protocols, muscles MVC decreased to 30% in both ES and VOL protocols. MVC and postural control measured by using a digital dynamometer and a force plate that registered the Canter of Pressure (COP). Data collected before and after completion of each fatigue protocol. Monopedal postural control was recorded in eyes closed condition. Results: Results did not show significance effect of fatigue on area and mean velocity while showed significant effect on the anterior-posterior (Y-axis) and on the mediolateral direction (X-axis). Conclusion: Thirty percent loss of MVC in quadriceps muscle did not impair postural control.Keywords: Postural control, Quadriceps muscle fatigue, Voluntary contraction, Electrical stimulatio

Management of Hospital Infection Control in Iran: A Need for Implementation of Multidisciplinary Approach

AbstractNosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections are considered the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients. According to results obtained from studies conducted in the Children Medical Center Hospital, a teaching children's hospital and a tertiary care referral unit in Tehran, Iran, improvements in infection control practices in our hospital seem necessary. The aim of this study was to identify risk management and review potential hospital hazards that may pose a threat to the health as well as safety and welfare of patients in an Iranian referral hospital. Barriers to compliance and poor design of facilities, impractical guidelines and policies, lack of a framework for risk management, failure to apply behavioral-change theory, and insufficient obligation and enforcement by infection control personnel highlight the need of management systems in infection control in our hospital. In addition, surveillance and early reporting of infections, evaluation of risk-based interventions, and production of evidence-based guidelines in our country are recommended

Candiduria in children: a first reportfrom an Iranian referral pediatric hospital

Candida spp. especially Candida albicans is considered as one of the most common cause of fungal infections. The aim of our study was to determine epidemiology of candiduria in children who were referred to an Iranian referral hospital. During May 2011 to February 2013, among 4813 urine culture positive, 209 candida spp. isolates (4.3%) was found. Forty-one percent of cadiduria infection was seen in patients between 1 month and 1 year, 24% in neonatant and 24% in patients 1 to 5 years. Cadiduria was mainly found in patients who had received more than 2 or 3 antibiotic during their hospitalization (37% and 24%, respectively). In our study, the highest frequency of cadiduria was seen in patients who had received more than 2 antibiotics and more than 3 antibiotics during their hospitalization; therefore, the strategic goals to opti- mize antimicrobial use including optimizing choice and duration of empiric therapy as well as monitoring and providing feedback regarding antibiotic resistance are recommended

برتری جانبی در انتقال نامتقارن قدرت و سرعت در کودکان: با توجه به نقش نیم‌کره‌های مغزی

مقدمه: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، هدف از تحقیق حاضر، مقایسه برتری جانبی در انتقال دو سویه قدرت و سرعت در کودکان 11 تا 13 ساله بود. مواد و روش‌ها: آزمودنی‌ها شامل 28 کودک (62/0 ± 6/11 سال) بود كه از بین مدارس راهنمایی شهرستان کاشمر، انتخاب شدند و در 2 گروه 14 نفره قرار گرفتند. یک گروه با دست راست تمرین قدرتی و با دست چپ تمرین سرعتی و گروه دیگر با دست چپ تمرین قدرتی و با دست راست تمرین سرعتی انجام دادند. آزمودنی‌ها به مدت 4 هفته تمرین کردند که هر هفته شامل 3 جلسه بود. یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه نشان داد که در میزان انتقال قدرت بین گروه‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. میزان انتقال قدرت از دست چپ به راست بیشتر از میزان انتقال قدرت از دست راست به چپ بود  (023/0 = P). با وجود این، در متغیر سرعت تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر و تخصص نیمکره راست در کنترل قدرت، به نظر می‌رسد که میزان انتقال قدرت از دست چپ به راست بیشتر از میزان انتقال از دست راست به چپ می‌باشد. کلید واژه‌ها: انتقال نامتقارن، برتری جانبی، قدرت، سرعت، نیمکره‌های مغ