Borrowings of Komi, Turkic and Western European origin in the names of forest in dialects of the European North of Russia

Introduction: the article is devoted to the lexemes of Russian dialects of the European North of Russia, which are borrowed from the Komi, Turkic and Western European languages, nominating forest and forest loci. The identified complex of lexemes is analyzed from the point of view of the origin of words: the languages-sources of borrowing, the main of which is the Komi language, are identified. Special attention is paid to the lexemes of Turkic origin. All borrowed names of forest and forest loci are analyzed in the linguo-geographical aspect and described in terms of phonetic, word-formation and semantic adaptation. Objective: to analyze the borrowed lexemes of dialects of the European North of Russia with a diverse characteristic of the lexical material. Research materials: the lexemes considered in the article are extracted from the files and lexicographical sources containing materials on the dialect vocabulary of the European North of Russia. Results and novelty of the research: the lexemes of source languages, which served as the original of borrowing, are revealed; the multi-aspect characteristic of the lexical materials chosen for the analysis is carried out. In the study never interpreted before lexical materials are introduced into scientific circulation; the author's etymological solutions are presented previously proposed scientific interpretations are corrected. Results and novelty of the research: the results of the analysis of the materials show that the main feature of the Komi, Turkic and Western European borrowings in the North Russian designations of forest space should be considered the specificity of semantic adaptation. © 2019 Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development. All rights reserved

Borrowed names of forest and forest loci in the Russian dialects of European North of Russia: Lexemes of Sami and Volga-Finnish origin

Introduction: the article is devoted to the lexemes of the Russian dialects of the European North of Russia, which are borrowed from the Sami and Volga-Finnish languages and nominate forest and forest loci. The identified complex of lexemes is analyzed from the point of view of the origin of words: the languages-sources of borrowing, the main of which is the Saami language, are identified. Special attention is paid to the lexemes of Volga-Finnish origin. All borrowed names of forest and forest loci are analyzed in the linguo-geographical aspect and described in terms of phonetic, word-formation and semantic adaptation. Objective: to analyze the borrowed lexemes of dialects of the European North of Russia with a diverse characteristic of the lexical material. Research materials: the lexemes considered in the article are extracted from the card index and lexicographical sources containing materials on the dialect vocabulary of the European North of Russia. Results and novelty of the research: the lexemes of source languages served as the original of borrowing are revealed; the multi-aspect characteristic of the lexical materials chosen for the analysis is carried out. In the research lexical materials that have not been interpreted before are introduced into scientific use. The article presents the author’s etymological solutions; corrects previously proposed scientific interpretations. The results of the analysis of the materials show that the main feature of the Saami and Volga-Finnish borrowings in the North Russian designations of forest space is considered the specificity of semantic adaptation. © 2019 Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development. All rights reserved

Borrowed names of forest and forest loci in the Russian dialects of the European North of Russia: Lexemes of Baltic-Finnish origin

Introduction. The article is devoted to the borrowed lexemes of the dialects of the European North of Russia, nominating forest and forest loci. The whole complex of lexemes is analyzed from the point of view of the origin of words and their semantic links. The lexemes of source languages, serving as the originals of borrowing, are described. Objective: The main objective of the article is a multi-aspect characteristic of lexical materials chosen for the analysis. Research materials: The lexemes under consideration are extracted from the card files and lexicographical sources containing materials on dialect vocabulary of the European North of Russia. Results and novelty of the research. The specificity of topographic semantics, determining the need for borrowing, was considered; the features of phonetic adaptation were revealed; transformation of semantic volume of a word in Russian dialects was analyzed, both in the process of borrowing and in the course of word functioning; attention was paid to development of geographical semantics on the basis of botanical and economic ones; the cases of paronymic attraction, re-etymologization, and contamination of heterogeneous facts were revealed; the descriptive lexemes in their internal form were interpreted; tendency to the narrowing of the meaning of lexemes was determined. The lexical materials, never have been interpreted before, are introduced into scientific discourse. Author's etymological solutions are proposed. Previously proposed scientific interpretations are corrected. © 2019 Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development. All rights reserved

Lexical Means of Expressing Attitudes towards the Use of Alcohol in the Traditional Culture of the Ural

В статье на материале лексики, извлеченной из этноидеографического словаря «Традиционная культура Урала», рассматривается состав идеограмм лексической группы «Употребление алкоголя». В результате интерпретации лексем реконструируется внутренняя форма слов. Выявляются оценочноэкспрессивные номинации. Отдельно анализируются звукоподражательные лексемы. Редкие заимствования этимологизируются. Рассматривается происхождение фразеологических единиц.In the article on the material of the vocabulary extracted from the ethno-ideologetic dictionary «Traditional Culture of the Urals», the composition of the ideograms of the lexical group «Alcohol Consumption» is considered. As a result of the interpretation of lexemes, the internal form of words is reconstructed. Evaluative and expressive nominations are identified. Onomatooautic lexemes are analyzed separately. Rare borrowings are etymologically symable. The origin of phraseological units is considered

Vocabulary with semantics ʽthe distanceʼ in the dialects of the European North of Russia

The article considers the Russian lexemes that denote distance and its measurements. The author conducts an etymological analysis of words, identifies motivational characteristics. The National Metrology is assessed in the paradigm of consumer experience of the dialect speaker, beliefs and perceptions of natural forces. The analysis of the tokens shows that the most common representation of distance is attitude of “near” — “far”, the index of faraway places is also more common. The activities of the dialect speaker (trekking, sailing, cattle drive, hunting) is expressed in the internal form of the majority of lexemes of the investigated group. Mental and linguistic archaic character is realized in internal form of lexems that reflect the sound distance measurement, mythological submission, in particular, the symbolism of numerals, the image of devil and his actions. There are also borrowings, but they are few.В статье рассматриваются русские лексемы, которые обозначают расстояние и его измерения. Проводится этимологический анализ исследуемых слов, выявляются мотивационные признаки. Народная метрология оценивается в парадигме бытового опыта диалектоносителя, верований и представлений о природных силах. Анализ лексем показывает, что наиболее общим представлением о расстоянии является противопоставление «ближний» — «дальний», при этом обозначения далеких мест преобладают. Деятельность диалектоносителя (пеший переход, плавание на лодке, перегон животных, охота) отражена во внутренней форме большинства лексем исследуемой группы. Ментальная и языковая архаика проявляется во внутренней форме лексем, отражающей звуковое измерение расстояния, мифологические представления, в частности, символику числительных, образ черта и его действий. Встречаются заимствования, однако они немногочисленны