Changes in Students' Motivation due to the Introduction of Distance Education under COVID-19 : Results of a survey of students at Tokushima University

2020 年度，徳島大学では新型コロナ感染症対策のため遠隔授業の導入が進められた。本研究は，徳島大学総合科学部の授業でどのような対応をとったか事例を紹介し，受講学生へのアンケート調査をもとに，コロナ禍における遠隔授業の実施が学生の生活行動や学習意欲にどう影響したかを明らかにする。自宅生は通学時間の減少が出席率の向上にプラスに作用したが，下宿生は不安や孤独を感じる割合が高く，自分の成績不振を強く自覚している。学習態度の自己評価が高い学生とそうでない学生を比較すると，後者は遠隔授業に十分適応できない者が多いほか，成績が下位の学生はそのデメリットを強く感じている。今後希望する遠隔授業の割合は一般に講義タイプの科目で高いが，上級学年ほど遠隔授業の継続を望む傾向がある一方，成績が下位の学生が遠隔授業を強く望む結果が得られた。遠隔授業が学習意欲に及ぼす影響には学生の属性によって違いがあり，結果として学習成果の格差拡大をもたらす可能性がある。Tokushima University introduced remote classes in 2020 as a countermeasure againstCOVID-19. This study introduces a case study of the response of the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences at Tokushima University, and clarifies how the implementation of remote classes has affected students' lives and motivation to study through a survey of students. Comparing students living at home and those in rented accommodation we found that the reduction in commuting time had a positive impact on the attendance rate of those living at home, while those in rented accommodation had a higher rate of feeling anxious and lonely, and were aware of their poor performance. Comparing students with high self-evaluation of their learning attitudes with those with low self-evaluation, many of the latter were not well adapted to distance learning, while those with low grades strongly felt the disadvantages of distance learning. In general, the percentage of students who wanted to take distance learning courses in the future was higher in lecture-type courses, but more advanced students tended to want to continue taking distance learning courses. The effect of distance learning on students' motivation to learn may vary depending on the attributes of the students, which may lead to a widening gap in learning outcomes

トドウフケン ベツ ニ ミタ セタイ ショトク ノ ブンプ ト ヘイキン ジュミョウ ノ ヘンカ : チイキ ノ ショトク カクサ ハ ケンコウ オ ソコナウ カ

There is concern being voiced in Japan about the growing inequality of income distribution in the past two decades. This study aimed to elucidate trends in socioeconomic and health inequalities. Some of large variations in income distribution can be explained by changes in the economy and the demography: the deepening of the recent recession, the rapidly aging population and the decline of average family size. From the view point of regional sciences as geography, it is important to distinguish the inter-regional inequality and the intra-regional inequality. On the other hand in social epidemiology, a large number of studies have demonstrated health inequalities attributable to socioeconomic conditions including income. Is the degree of income inequalities in society closely linked to the health of the population? Association of life expectancy at birth (LEB) with adjusting household incomes by equivalence scales was examined using data on prefectures in Japan of 1995 to 2005 via Pearson's correlation and OLS regression. Although inter-regional inequality of median income level decreased, intra-regional inequality measured by inter-quartile range increased from 1993 to 2003. There is a gender difference in correlation coefficient between health indicators and income inequalities. In case of male positive correlations were found between LEB and inter-regional inequality (absolute income hypothesis), and negative correlation between LEB and intra-regional inequality (relative income hypothesis). The both association increased from 1995 to 2005. Careful monitoring of socioeconomic and health inequalities should be encouraged

Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva: a large pedunculated mass formation.

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, usually small benign mesenchymal tumor that occurs in vulvar lesions of premenopausal women. A case of angiomyofibroblastoma that arose as a unique pedunculated and particularly large mass in the left vulva of a 48-year-old woman is presented herein. The patient had been aware of a gradually enlarged mass of 7 years duration without any other gynecological symptoms or signs. The maximum dimension of the tumor measured 11 cm. The resected tumor was well circumscribed with a bulging and glistening cut surface. Histological examination revealed an admixture of irregularly distributed hypercellular and hypocellular areas with spindled, plump spindled, or plasmacytoid stromal cells and abundant venular or capillary-sized vessels. Stromal cells characteristically cluster around delicate vessels within an edematous to collagenous matrix. In the present case, intralesional adipose tissue was present throughout the tumor. There was no significant nuclear atypia, and mitotic figures were very sparse. There was little stromal mucin throughout the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were characterized by strong reactivity for vimentin and CD34, with focal reactivity for desmin and alpha smooth muscle actin. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors were diffusely expressed in the stromal cells. These histological findings are consistent with angiomyofibroblastoma and support the hypothesis that angiomyofibroblastoma originates from perivascular stem cells with a capacity for myofibroblastic and fatty differentiation