A Hepatocellular Adenoma in a Diet-induced Obese Mouse

A hepatic nodule was noted in a C57BL/6J mouse with diet-induced obesity at 53 weeks of age. Macroscopically, a protruding yellowish white nodule was observed on the visceral surface of the left lateral lobe. Light microscopy demonstrated clear demarcation from the compressed adjacent parenchyma, with loss of the distinct lobular pattern. The proliferating cells of the lesion varied in shape and showed cellular atypia and prominent nucleoli along with vacuoles of various sizes. Some of the cells contained various-sized eosinophilic inclusion bodies in their cytoplasm, and electron microscopy revealed the presence of lipid droplets in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Eosinophilic inclusions were observed as electron dense granular material in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, with one or a few low density central cores. A diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma was made based on these findings

Synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of O-antigenic polysaccharide of Salmonella enteritidis by use of unique and odorless dodecyl thioglycosyl donors

The first total synthesis of a unique tetrasaccharide repeating unit of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enteritidis has been accomplished by assembly of dodecyl thioglycosides. The crucial key steps were preparation of a rare branched dideoxy sugar, D-tyvelose (3,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-D-hexose) and sequential regioselective glycosylation at 2,3-positions of a central D-mannose residue 5 with D-tyvelose 6 and D-galactose donors 7

Pre-activation of fully acetylated dodecyl thioglycosides with BSP-Tf2O led to efficient glycosylation at low temperature

Fully acetylated dodecyl thioglycosides found to be used as glycosyl donors by activation with 1.benzenesulfinyl piperidine (BSP) and triflic anhydride (Tf2O) at -78℃, and the glycosyl acceptor was added to the reaction mixture at the same temperature to furnish various disaccharides and Lewis a (Le^a) trisaccharide in good yields

Cyclodextrin-linked alginate beads as supporting materials for Sphingomonas cloacae, a nonylphenol degrading bacteria

Calcium alginate beads covalently linked with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD-alginate beads) were prepared and examined for their ability to serve as a supporting matrix for bacterial degradation of nonylphenol, an endocrine disruptor. Column chromatographic experiment using α-CD-alginate beads with diameter of 657 ± 82 μm and with degree of CD substitution of 0.16 showed a strong affinity for nonylphenol adsorption. Although addition of α-CD (2.7-27 mM) to the culture broth of Sphingomonas cloacae retarded nonylphenol degradation, the immobilized bacteria on the CD-alginate beads were effective for the degradation. Batch degradation tests using the immobilized bacteria on α-CD-alginate-beads showed 46% nonylphenol recovery after 10-day incubation at 25 ± 2℃, and the recovery reached to about 17% when wide and shallow incubation tubes were used to facilitate uptake of the viscous liquid of nonylphenol on the surface of the medium. Scanning electron microscopic photographs revealed that multiplicated bacteria was present both on the surface and inside the beads and the matrix of CD-alginate was stable and suitable during 10-day incubation

Stereoselective tris-glycosylation to introduce β-(1→3)-branches into gentiotetraose for the concise synthesis of phytoalexin-elicitor heptaglucoside

Dodecyl thioglycosides (3, 4, 5) were prepared by conventional transformation of D-glucose and used as new glycosyl donors for a short-step synthesis of phytoalexin elicitor heptaglucoside. A gentio-tetraoside derivative (6) having three hydroxyl groups was synthesized by NIS-TfOH promoted glycosylate in more than 90% yields followed by selective removal of temporary protective groups. Undesired formation of α-glycosides in introduction of β-(1→3)-branches into gentio-oligosaccharides was found to be suppressed by use of a thiophilic reagent system, BSP (1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine)-Tf2O, giving the heptaglucoside in only four glycosylation steps