Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) and (IV) Complexes Bridged by Diphenyl Phosphate or Phosphate

Three novel tetranuclear vanadium­(III) or (IV) complexes bridged by diphenyl phosphate or phosphate were prepared and their structures characterized by X-ray crystallography. The novel complexes are [{V­(III)₂(μ-hpnbpda)}₂{μ-(C₆H₅O)₂PO₂}₂(μ-O)₂]·6CH₃OH (<b>1</b>), [{V­(III)₂(μ-tphpn)­(μ-η³-HPO₄)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [{(V­(IV)­O)₂(μ-tphpn)}₂(μ-η⁴-PO₄)]­(ClO₄)₃·H₂O (<b>3</b>), where hpnbpda and tphpn are alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligands. H₃hpnbpda represents 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diamino-<i>N,N′</i>-bis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-diacetic acid, and Htphpn represents <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>-tetrakis­(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine. A dinuclear vanadium­(IV) complex without a phosphate bridge, [(VO)₂(μ-tphpn)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₃·2H₂O (<b>4</b>), was also prepared and structurally characterized for comparison. The vanadium­(III) center in <b>1</b> adopts a hexacoordinate structure while that in <b>2</b> adopts a heptacoordinate structure. In <b>1</b>, the two dinuclear vanadium­(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two diphenylphosphato and two oxo groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers. In <b>2</b>, the two vanadium­(III) units bridged by tphpn are further bridged by three phosphate ions with two different coordination modes. Complex <b>2</b> is oxidized in aerobic solution to yield complex <b>3</b>, in which two of the three phosphate groups in <b>2</b> are substituted by oxo groups

Phenotypic Diagnosis of Lineage and Differentiation During Sake Yeast Breeding

Sake yeast was developed exclusively in Japan. Its diversification during breeding remains largely uncharacterized. To evaluate the breeding processes of the sake lineage, we thoroughly investigated the phenotypes and differentiation of 27 sake yeast strains using high-dimensional, single-cell, morphological phenotyping. Although the genetic diversity of the sake yeast lineage is relatively low, its morphological diversity has expanded substantially compared to that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species as a whole. Evaluation of the different types of breeding processes showed that the generation of hybrids (crossbreeding) has more profound effects on cell morphology than the isolation of mutants (mutation breeding). Analysis of phenotypic robustness revealed that some sake yeast strains are more morphologically heterogeneous, possibly due to impairment of cellular network hubs. This study provides a new perspective for studying yeast breeding genetics and micro-organism breeding strategies