Factors Affecting Turnover Intention among Health Professionals in Specialized Hospitals – Specifically at Jimma University Specialized Hospital

This study is focused on Turnover intention.  Turnover  intention  has  been  acknowledged  as  the  best  predictor  of  actual  turnover. Actual Turnover is expected to increase as the intention increases. Health workers turnover is an increasing problem that threatens the functioning of the health care sector worldwide, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine multiple factors that may influence turnover intention among health professionals in the Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The study was descriptive in nature; respondents were drawn based on stratified sampling technique. Hence, 247 samples were selected from the total population (N=703). In addition to this, data were collected via structured questionnaires and interview. The SPSS (v.20) was used to process the primary data which were collected through questionnaire. Consistency of the data is also tested by Cronbach’s alpha reliability test, bivariate correlation analysis (two-tailed), and multiple regressions (to analyze impact relationships between/among variables involved) were used for data analysis. As a result, pay dissatisfaction, distributive injustice, and workload and job dissatisfaction were the major factors that affect turnover intention in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH). Therefore, it is advisable that JUSH to revising the pay and incentive packages of health professionals. Keywords:  Health professionals, pay dissatisfaction, turnover intention, workloa

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Outlook in Ethiopia: An Evidence from Oromia Region Selected Special Zones

The study examined the Foreign direct Investment (FDI) outlook in Ethiopia; an evidence taken from Oromia Region, Special Zones. Ethiopia, one of the fastest growing economy in the world, projected to join the lower-middle income countries by 2025, is keep transforming all sectors for better performance and is running a mega projects. In addition to the internal operations, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a catalyst for the economy. Recurrently, the country is keep promoting investment opportunities and signing bilateral agreements to ease trade and investment and remove double taxation with different countries. The economic stability, geographical location, inexpensive and sufficient labour, growing local market are the leading factors to invest in Ethiopia. Trade regulations & custom clearances, limited infrastructure, limited access to foreign exchange & local finance, restriction of preferred business sectors some obstacles of foreign investment in Ethiopia.  To improve on the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI), Government should therefore invest more in infrastructure and Improving policy and regulatory environment, tax reforms, investors’ tax friendly tax and legal systems, removal of capital controls are essential to FDI attraction and contribution to growth in the economy Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, opportunities, challenges, trend, Oromia special zone

Seasonal Distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Ethiopia

The alien invasive insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly referred as to fall armyworm (FAW), is causing significant losses to maize production in Africa since its detection in 2016. Despite being the primary insect pest of the main food crop in the country, researchers are more focused on control methods’ development. There is no or little research done on the seasonality of the pest which greatly helps in timing intervention time by farmers. The primary purpose of this research was to determine how S. frugiperda in maize fields changed with the seasons. S. frugiperda surveys were carried out in Ethiopia's major maize-growing regions. These include Afar, Benishangul Gumuz, Amhara, Tigray, South Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Oromia in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020.The survey sites were purposively selected based on production statistics of maize and S. frugiperda occurrence reports in Ethiopia. From different regions, a total of 480 maize-producing farmers’ fields were surveyed: 240 fields in the dry season and 240 fields in the rainy season. Out of the 240 maize fields surveyed during the dry season, 218 fields were infested by S. frugiperda. During the rainy season, out of 240 fields, 146 fields were infested by S. frugiperda. The dry season had an average percentage of infestation of 35.5 to 70%, while the rainy season ranged from 20 to 70%. The average percentage of infested plants per plot for the dry season was higher in Afar, Amhara, Tigray and Oromia, while the lowest was recorded at Benishangul Gumuz and SNNP. During the dry season, the average infestation of S. frugiperda in the regions ranges from 22.6 to 52.2 percent, and during the rainy season, it ranges from 11.3 to 46.6 percent. Afar (46.6 percent), Oromia (22.0 percent), Amhara (18.8 percent), SNNP (13.6), Benishangul Gumuz (16.1 percent), and Tigray had higher average percentage infestations during the wet season (11.3). The findings revealed that S. Frugiperda is an economically important maize pest both in the off-season and in the rainy season, while the off-season infestation is slightly larger than the rainy season. Keywords:Cropping season, Fall armyworm, Infestation, Invasive, Dry season, Rainy season, Population density DOI: 10.7176/ALST/98-01 Publication date:June 30th 2023

Challenges and Prospects of Agricultural Marketing in Konta Special District, Southern Ethiopia

Background:-Agriculture in Ethiopia has directly or indirectly continued to be the source of livelihood to majority of the population. There are many kinds of agricultural products produced in the study area and the marketing of all these farm products generally tends to be a complex process. Agricultural marketing involves many operations and processes through which the food and raw materials move from the cultivated farm to the final consumers. In the study area market actors are facing increasing market inefficiency in local markets.Objective:-To assess the challenges and prospects of Agricultural Marketing in Konta Special district, Southern Ethiopia, 2016Methods: - A community based cross sectional study design was employed. 7 primary co-operative societies and 120 agricultural product traders were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Besides this, qualitative data were collected analyzed using descriptive narrations to supplement the quantitative findings.Result: - This study showed that 80.9% was poor and 19.1% was good in agricultural marketing performance. Market information &linkage, road access, agro-processing& commercialization, ware housing, financial sectors development, presence of illegal traders, trust & business ethics, government support, legislation & control, presence of brokers , transaction cost on marketing and training and development were the major challenges of agricultural marketing in the study area.Conclusion: - Agricultural marketing performance in the study area was very low. Concerned bodies better work on those identified factors via to improve the efficiency of marketing system in the study area. Keywords: Agricultural marketing, Challenges, Market actors, Konta special woreda

The Impact of Information System (IS) on Organziational Performace: With Special Refernce to Ethio-Telecom Southern Region, Hawassa

The Information System (IS) plays exactly the same role in the organization as the heart plays in our body. The  system  ensures  that  an appropriate  data  is  collected  from  the  various  sources,  processed,  and  sent  further  to all  the  needy  destinations.  The  system  is  expected  to  fulfil  the  information  needs  of an  individual,  a  group  of  individuals,  the  management  functionaries. Virtually, no business or organization, large or small, can compete without information system. We truly live in a wired world! This study aims to assess impact of information system on organizational performance with special reference to Ethio-telecom Southern Region, Hawassa, Ethiopia. During the study both qualitative and quantitative date were collected from 45 administrative staffs via questionnaire. The staffs were selected randomly on the basis of disproportionate stratified technique by categorizing them into three strata (i.e. top, middle, and lower lever management). The collected data were analysed using SPSS (20 version). As a result, employees’ ethos toward information as critical asset is unsatisfactory, undermining the role of information system on organization endeavours, lack of top management to enhance the system are the chief problems in the organizations.  On the other side, effective IS promotes organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Keywords: IS, IS in an organization, organizational performanc

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Gilgel Gibe-2 Hydropower Project, Ethiopia

Nowadays, political and public consciousness with regard to environmental issues combined by awareness of issues associated with climatically changes and interest in promoting sustainable development has led to growing of the international debate on the benefits derived from major water resources projects. Hence, all hydropower projects are subjected to environmental impact assessment. The Gilgel Gibe II project area is located on the South Western Ethiopian plateau. The cascade is located in the Jimma Zone Administration between the Gilgel Gibe and Omo rivers, some 250 km South-West of Addis Ababa and about 80 km North-East of Jima. The Gilgel Gibe is a tributary of the Great Gibe River, also known as Omo River downstream of the bridge of the highway Addis Ababa – Jimma. Most of the project component sites are in Yem Special Woreda of the Southern region. The powerhouse, access road, project camps and construction of other facilities are located in this Woreda. The general objective of the study is to identify the potential positive and negative environmental impacts of the proposed Gilgel gibe II hydropower project on the environment and propose possible measures for further mitigating the negative impacts. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Gilgel Gibe II project was done based on the EIA requirement for hydropower projects as referred from different EIA guidelines and materials. Moreover, past studies such as the Gilgel gibe II dam design, EIA, watershed management, Hydraulics and hydropower, and soil and land suitability study reports have thoroughly reviewed to get basic information on the biophysical and socio- economic conditions of the study areas. The main materials used to identify possible potential environmental impacts of the dam-reservoir and hydropower project is the ICID guidelines and checklists. Mitigation measures are required based on priorities to avoid or minimized the adverse impacts that will be resulted due to the project implementation. To this end, possible management or mitigation measures have proposed against identified negative impacts of the project. Although they can be managed through proper mitigation measures, the project may also result some significant adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, proper mitigation measures need to be considered at each stages of the project implementation including construction to operation, if not it will result distressing challenges both to the environment and sustainability of the project. Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment, Gilgel gibe-2, Hydropower project DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/71-02 Publication date: April 30th 201

Teff and Wheat Yield Variation With Phosphorus Application In Jamma District, Ethiopia

Different plant species has different nutrient requirements and utilize nutrients in different ways. Biological activity contributes to P solubilization through mineralization, wheathering, and other physicochemical reactions so that the soil plow layer is the major source of soil availabile P for crops. Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource and ATA recommended six types of blended fertilizers (NPSZnB, NPKSB, NPKSZnB, NPSZn, NPSB and NPS) for the Amhara region. Our study was conducted in Jamma districts of eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, during  2018 cropping season to attest the yield of teff (Dega teff) and wheat (Danda’a) due to phosphorus fertilizer application. Fertilizer treatments tested were the recommended dose of N only, recommended dose of NP, 50 kg.ha-1 NPS, 100 kg.ha-1 NPS, and 150kg. ha-1 NPS, set up in a. randomized complete block design with three replication, and conducted on four sites. Our study demonstrated that applications of N and P fertilizers significantly improved grain yield of wheat and teff, and that there was significant yield differences (P < 0.05) between different rates of P fertilizer. Therefore, even though the soil P levels were shown to be sufficient, application of both N and P fertilizer in the Jamma district is essential to increase yield of teff and wheat

Integrated Control of the White Mango Scale Through Tree Management and Soil Drenching with a Systemic Insecticide in Western Ethiopia

አህፅሮት ነጭ የማንጎ ስኬል ሰይንሳዊ መጠሪያው Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) ሲሆን እ.ኤ.አ. በ2010 ዓ.ም. ተከስቶ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የማንጎ ምርትን አደጋ ላይ የጣለ ተባይ ነው፡፡ በመላው አገሪቱ በአጭር ጊዜ ተሰራጭቶ የማንጎ ምርትና ጥራት እንዲቀንስ አድርጓል፡፡ ተባዩን ለመቆጣጠር ከሚወሰዱ ርምጃዎች ውስጥ፤ ፀረ-ተባይ መጠቀም፣የተክል አያያዝን ማሻሻልና በጥገኛ ነፍሳት በመጠቀም በሥነ-ሕይወታዊ መንገድ መቆጣጠር ይገኙበታል፡፡ በማንጎ ተክል ውስጥ ተሰራጭቶ የሚሰራ ፀረ-ተባይን በአንድ ሊትር ውሀ በጥብጦ በተክሉ ዙሪያ ማጠጣትና የማንጎን ቅርንጫፎች መግረዝ (የተክል አያያዝን መጠቀም) ነጭ የማንጎ ስኬል ተባይን ለመቆጣጠር ያለውን ፍቱንነት ለመመርመር እ.ኤ.አ. በ2018 እና 2019 ዓ.ም. በምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ በሚገኙ ሁለት አካባቢዎች ለተከታታይ ሁለት ዓመታት የመስክ ሙከራ ተካሄዶ ነበር፡፡ ለሙከራው በሶስት ድግግሞሽ የተሰራ ራንደማይዝድ ኮምፕሊት ብሎክ የተባለ ዲዛይን ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል፡፡ በውጤቱም የተባዩ ድምር ቁጥር በሁለቱም ዓመታትና በሁለቱም አካባቢዎች ማለትም ኡኬ እና ባኮ ላይ ውጤታማ በሆነ መልኩ ሊቀንስ ችሏል፡፡ ኡኬ ላይ የማንጎ ተክል ቅርንጫፎችን መግረዝና ቲያሜቶክሳም 25በመቶ WG 18ግራም በአንድ የማንጎ ተክል ዙርያ በአንድ ሊትር ውኃ በጥብጦ መርጨት በመጀመሪያው ዓመት የመጀመሪያ ርጭት ወደ ዝቅተኛ የተባዩ ቁጥር (42.23 በቅጠል) ሲያወረደው በዚያው ዓመት ሁለተኛው ዙር ርጭት ወደ 27.83 በቅጠል አድርሶታል፡፡ ይህንኑ ፀረ-ተባይ በተመሳሳይ ሁኔታ በ12 ግራም መጠን መስጠት ደግሞ የተባዩን ቁጥር በመጀመሪያ ዙር ርጭት 86.83 በቅጠል እንዲሆን ሲያደርገው በሁለተኛው ዙር ርጭት ወደ 61.0 በቅጠል እንዲቀንስ አድርጎታል፡፡ ለማወዳደሪያ ምንም ርጭትም ሆነ መግረዝ ያልተደረገባቸው የማንጎ ተክሎች በመጀመሪያው ዙር ርጭት 334.32 ተባይ በቅጠል እንዲሁም በሁለተኛው ዙር ርጭት 591.29 ተባይ በቅጠል የሆነ ከፍተኛ ቁጥር ታይቶባቸዋል፡፡ ባኮ ላይም የተካሄደው ሙከራ ተመሳሳይ ውጤት አሳይቷል፡፡ይህ ምርምር ከላይ የተጠቀሰውን ዘዴ መጠቀም ተባዩን ለመቆጣጠር ተስፋ ሰጪ ውጤት ያስገኘ መሆኑን አመላክቷል፡፡ ይህንኑ ዘዴ ከሌሎች ማለትም ጥገኛ ነፍሳትን በመጠቀም በሥነ-ሕይወታዊ መንገድ መቆጣጠር ዘዴዎች ጋር ማቀናጀት ያለውን ጠቀሜታና ፀረ-ተባዩ በማንጎ ፍሬ ይዘት ላይ ያለውን ተፅዕኖ በቀጣይ ማጥናት ያስፈልጋል፡፡   Abstract The white mango scale insect, Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a recent threat to mango production in Ethiopia which was introduced in 2010. It has spread to all mango producing areas of the country within a short period of time reducing the production and quality of mangos. Control measures taken against the white mango scale include the use of chemical insecticides, cultural practices and biological control using parasitoids and predators. Field experiments were conducted in western Ethiopia in two locations for two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of integrated application of a systemic soil drenching pesticide and tree management (pruning) for the control of the white mango scale. Randomized complete block designs with three replications were used for the experiments. The total number of WMS life stages varied significantly among the different treatments throughout the two years and application seasons at both Uke and Bako sites.  At Uke Thiamethoxam 25% WG at 18g/tree + pruning treated trees showed the minimum mean number of WMS life stages per leaf (42.23) and (27.83) followed by Thiamethoxam 25% WG at 12g/tree + pruning treated trees (86.83) and (61.0) in the first and second application seasons respectively. Control trees showed the highest (334.33) and (591.29) number of WMS life stages in the first and second application seasons respectively. Similar trends were observed at Bako. The study has shown that the integrated use of the systemic soil drenching insecticide and tree management can significantly reduce the WMS life stages on infested mango trees indicating that it is a promising approach to the control of the WMS. Integration of these approaches with other management components such as biological control agents and the effect of the systemic insecticide on the content of the edible fruit deserves further study. &nbsp

Human Intestinal Schistosomiasis in Communities Living Near Three Rivers of Jimma Town, South Western Ethiopia

BACKGROUND:Schistosoma mansoni is one of the parasites with high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. However, information is scarce about S. mansoni epidemiology in people living with higher risk of infection in Jimma town. This study was designed to determine point prevalence, intensity and risk factors of S. mansoni infection among residents nearby three rivers of Jimma town and assess the rate of Biomphalaria species shading cercariae from January to April, 2007. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in communities residing nearby three rivers of Jimma town. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on socio- demographic and behavioral risk factors. After physical examination, stool samples were collected from 517 study participants and processed with Kato-Katz technique for microscopic examination and quantification of egg load. Snails were collected for identification of Biomphalaria species and then checked for cercarial shading. RESULTS: The prevalence of S. mansoni was 26.3 % with intensity ranging 24 to 936 eggs per gram of stool. Participants in the age group 10-19 years, OR = 2.19 (95% CI; 1.10 – 4.34), and those living near the Awetu River, OR = 2.67 (95% CI; 1.06 – 6.75), had higher risk of S. mansoni infection. Moreover, water contact while crossing a river, OR = 3.77 (95% CI; 1.79 – 7.95), and swimming, OR = 2.59 (95% CI; 1.37 – 4.91, was significantly associated with infection. Biomphalaria snails collected from Chore and Awetu Rivers shaded higher rate of cercariae compared with Kito River. CONCLUSION: A moderate prevalence of S. mansoni infection was shown in the study population. Infection rate among the residents correlated with rate of cercarial shading Biomphalaria snails. Treatment of targeted groups, appropriate health education and environmental measures (e.g. snail control) are needed to improve the situation. KEYWORDS: Prevalence, Intensity, Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria snail