Transfer of Metacognitive Skills and Hint Seeking in Monkeys

Metacognition is knowledge that can be expressed as confidence judgments about what we know (monitoring) and by strategies for learning what we don’t know (control). Although a substantial literature exists on cognitive processes in animals, little is known about their metacognitive abilities. Here we show that rhesus macaques, trained previously to make retrospective confidence judgments about their performance on perceptual tasks, transferred that ability immediately to a new perceptual task and to a working memory task. In a second experiment we show that monkeys can also learn to request “hints” when they are given problems that they would otherwise have to solve by trial and error. This shows, for the first time, that non-human primates share with humans the ability to monitor and transfer their metacognitive ability both within and between different cognitive tasks, and to seek new knowledge on a need to know basis.

A Program Evaluation Of The Career Pathways CTE Program At One High School

ABSTRACT A leading solution to many education problems in our country is Career and Technical Education (CTE). Jacob (2017) indicated that by combining traditional academic skills with hands-on experience that provide hands-on training, students can acquire the soft skills necessary to succeed in today\u27s workplace. As the 21st-Century economy grows more complex, the role of career and technical education is critical to the success of America\u27s future through increased student engagement, innovative math, science, and literacy integration, and meeting employer and economic need. In my study, I sought to determine the perceptions of administrators and instructional staff at one school concerning the effectiveness of the Career Pathways CTE program in increasing student achievement and graduation rates and giving students other options to pursue postsecondary education. I used a mixed-method research design based on qualitative and quantitative data. As a result of my research, I made a policy recommendation that students take a basic skills assessment before enrollment to decrease program remediation. In my policy, I also recommended professional development for all instructional staff and externships for CTE teachers to stay current with the workforce trends

Disabling Architecture: Aesthetics and Accessibility at Trinity University

Trinity University’s San Antonio campus is nationally renowned for its unique architectural design. Created by lead architect O’Neil Ford during the 1950s, its red-brick buildings often deploy the lift-slab method, at the time done for cost-saving purposes. More importantly embody Ford’s philosophy of incorporating architecture into the natural landscape. These buildings now bear national recognition from the Texas Historic Commission, and their pattern of design is reiterated in the campus’ newer buildings as well. Yet, as a campus constructed before the implementation of legislation such as the 1973 Rehabilitation Act and the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act, university facilities face issues with accessibility. Trinity’s campus was born out of an aesthetic-first design process, which concerned itself with buildings’ appearances, rather than their function. Before the campus can truly approach accessibility in a meaningful way, it must re-imagine itself, and engage with accommodation-first architecture

Desire for Social Reconnection After Exclusions As Shown By Approach Avoidance Behaviors

This study investigates the immediate desire for social reconnection after exclusion. The reconnection response is recorded in milliseconds to test if this response is automatic and immediately followed by exclusion. The hypothesis is that excluded participants will approach happy faces faster than neutral faces compared to included individuals. 34 participants played Cyberball and experienced either social inclusion or exclusion. Following Cyberball, participants engaged in an Approach-Avoidance Task to measure the motive to reconnect. The results were non-significant but were trending in the direction of supporting the hypothesis. In addition, across both groups, there was a main effect of response in which all participants approached faces faster than they avoided them. The limitation of this study is the small sample size, that appeared to have prevented finding sufficient testing of the hypothesis. A power analysis suggested that the hypothesis would have been confirmed with a larger sample size.Purchase College SUNYPsychologyBachelor of ArtsSiegel, Pau

Annual Report, 2005

https://irl.umsl.edu/cab/1092/thumbnail.jp

Annual Report, 2004

https://irl.umsl.edu/cab/1091/thumbnail.jp

Forging sustainable alliances: exploring the role of esg in strategic partnership development

This study investigates the effect of sustainability initiatives on strategic alliance formation in the biopharmaceutical industry, framed within the theories of dynamic capabilities and cultural dimensions by considering the role of a firm long-term orientation as a strengthening factor. Using a Poisson regression model, we analyse the impact of a company’s sustainability initiatives, using their ESG combined scores, on the number of annual alliances formed over a 15-year period. The findings revealed a positive correlation effect between a firm’s high ESG scores and an increased tendency for alliance formation, suggesting that sustainability initiatives significantly enhance a company’s attractiveness for strategic partnerships. Furthermore, the integration of long-term orientation as a moderating variable reveals that firms with future-oriented national cultures benefit from the impact of their sustainability initiative on strategic alliance formation. Considering the individual environmental, social, and governance pillars confirmed this trend across each dimension. The study concludes that sustainability efforts, particularly when aligned with a long-term vision, are able to foster strategic alliances within the biopharmaceutical sector. As such this research contributes to understanding how sustainability initiatives conjointly with a firm's local cultural settings can shape its alliance dynamics

Q&A: What is human language, when did it evolve and why should we care?

Human language is unique among all forms of animal communication. It is unlikely that any other species, including our close genetic cousins the Neanderthals, ever had language, and so-called sign 'language' in Great Apes is nothing like human language. Language evolution shares many features with biological evolution, and this has made it useful for tracing recent human history and for studying how culture evolves among groups of people with related languages. A case can be made that language has played a more important role in our species' recent (circa last 200,000 years) evolution than have our genes

Detecting Transfer of Training Through Simulator Scenario Design: A Novice Driver Training Study

Novice drivers in comparison to experienced drivers perform poorly due to incomplete mental models of roadway hazards. This paper describes the driving simulator scenario design methods used in a novice driver training study to detect a possible transfer of training for hazard perception. Applied in a high school driver education classroom, the data of trained versus un-trained drivers is presented for pre/post-test driving scenarios, N = 67. Results showed that while general simulator control performance between the trained and un-trained groups was similar, the trained group performed better at hazard events and exhibited fewer speeding behaviors at the post-test. Specific hazard encounters indicated that simulator training may have had an effect on performance even when the training group was not trained on the specific situation. Arguments for training transfer in hazard perception are presented