Planoepitheliale cell carcinoma arising from ampullo-pancreatic unit

BackgroundWe report a case of planoepitheliale cell carcinoma located in the ampulla of Vater. We report the surgical results and pathological findings of a patient with an ampullary planoepitheliale cell carcinoma. From what we know it is the first case with successful surgical treatment.Case ReportA 58-year-old woman who presented with jaundice and preoperative endoscopic and radiological procedures could not show whether the tumour was carcinoma planoepitheliale. The clinical presentation, biochemical, radiographic and endoscopic investigation pronounced advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.ResultsWe performed pancreaticoduodenectomy with curative intension. Histological examination revealed: planoepitheliale cell carcinoma of the ampullo-pancreatic unit.ConclusionsIn conclusion, preoperative endoscopic and radiological evaluations can all prove insufficient to distinguish between benign and malignant tumour. Thus, for malignant tumours surgeons may be forced to perform extensive surgery

An unusual case of synchronous lymphoma and adenocarcinoma occurring as a collision tumour in the stomach – a case report

The occurrence of malignant gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the same patient is very rare. Here we report a case of synchronous gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma with a follicular growth pattern associated in a 73-year-old man. Preliminary diagnosis gastric tumour was suggested so laparotomy was performed for the purpose of treatment resection of the stomach. In the operation field, there was a main lesion spreading through the whole of the stomach and additional multiple lymph node enlargements at the hepato-duodenal, retro-pancreatic and the para-aortic lymph nodes. A short-term intraoperative examination of one of the metastatic lymph nodes showed lymphoma of the stomach. Palliative total gastrectomy Roux-en-Y was performed. Finally the pathology of the specimen revealed two different collided tumours: adenocarcinoma solidum and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma malignum with follicular growth pattern. Following surgery and chemotherapy, the patient is now in a disease progress state

Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein–Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also knownasPD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies

Prognostic factors for patients with gastric cancer after surgical resection

SummaryBackgroundStomach cancer is the 8th most common cause of cancer death, with median age of diagnosis 70 years for men and 74 years for women. Surgical resection is still the method of choice and surgical trials are focused on identifying prognostic factors for groups of patients undergoing curative surgery.AimThe aim of our retrospective study was an analysis of prognostic factors in a group of patients with gastric cancer.Materials/MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a group of 248 patients with gastric cancer. Clinical and histological parameters were collected and then correlated with each another and with survival time using statistical parametric and nonparametric methods. Survival probability was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical significance of prognostic factors depending on survival time was assessed by the Cox nonparametric proportional hazard regression model.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed significance of the following parameters: weight loss of more than 10 kg, tumour size, histological type of tumour, lymph node involvement, stage at the time of diagnosis and type of operation. Multivariate analysis showed that weight loss of more than 10 kg, T2 tumour size, lymph metastases, total gastrectomy and finally curative operation were independent prognostic factors of survival.ConclusionsTaking our data together we conclude that: (i) lymph node metastasis is a significant prognostic factor with poor prognosis, (ii) type of operation is a significant prognostic factor of survival, (iii) we confirmed the influence of T2 depth of invasion for patients’ overall survival, (iv) weight loss of more than 10 kg displays a statistical correlation with survival time and worse prognosis, (v) parameters connected with complications after surgical procedures have no infl uence on survival time in the examined group

Contact between European bison and cattle from the cattle breeders' perspective, in the light of the risk of pathogen transmission.

Pathogens transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals can pose a threat to endangered species, undermine conservation efforts in wildlife, and affect productivity and parasite control in domestic animals. There are several examples of pathogen transmission between European bison and other animals. The present study surveyed breeders from the vicinity of four large wisent populations in eastern Poland about observed contacts between wisent and cattle. Such contacts were noted by 37% of breeders, indicating a significant risk of contact between European bison and cattle in the study areas, even in the areas where the European bison live mainly in a forest complex, i.e., in the Borecka Forest. A higher potential risk of contacts between European bison and cattle was noted in the Białowieska Forest and the Bieszczady Mountains than in the Borecka and Knyszyńska Forests. In the Białowieska Forest, the risk of viral pathogen transmission resulting from contacts is higher (more direct contacts), and in the case of the Bieszczady Mountains, the probability of parasitic diseases is higher. The chance of contacts between European bison and cattle depended on the distance of cattle pastures from human settlements. Moreover, such contact was possible throughout the year, not only in spring and fall. It appears possible to minimize the risk of contacts between wisent and cattle by changing management practices for both species, such as keeping grazing areas as close as possible to settlements, and reducing the time cattle graze on pastures. However, the risk of contact is much greater if European bison populations are large and are dispersed beyond forest complexes

Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein-Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also known as PD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roalmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapiesclose19

Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma

We describe the landscape of genomic alterations in cutaneous melanomas through DNA, RNA, and protein-based analysis of 333 primary and/or metastatic melanomas from 331 patients. We establish a framework for genomic classification into one of four sub-types based on the pattern of the most prevalent significantly mutated genes: mutant BRAF, mutant RAS, mutant NF1, and Triple-WT (wild-type). Integrative analysis reveals enrichment of KIT mutations and focal amplifications and complex structural rearrangements as a feature of the Triple-WT subtype. We found no significant outcome correlation with genomic classification, but samples assigned a transcriptomic subclass enriched for immune gene expression associated with lymphocyte infiltrate on pathology review and high LCK protein expression, a T cell marker, were associated with improved patient survival. This clinicopathological and multidimensional analysis suggests that the prognosis of melanoma patients with regional metastases is influenced by tumor stroma immunobiology, offering insights to further personalize therapeutic decision-makingclose3