Contribution of pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine levels in vitreous samples.

<p><b>A.</b> A difference in IL-2 (p = 0.62) level was not measurable between control and DR patients. <b>B.</b> There was no difference in IL-4 level between control and DR patients (p = 0.78). <b>C.</b> A trend for the down-regulation of IL-13 level (p = 0.36) was noted in DR patients. Each symbol depicts an individual patient. The horizontal bar indicates the mean cytokine concentration per group.</p

Cytokine concentration (pg/ml) in vitreous samples of control and diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients measured via ELISA.

<p>Significant p-values are in bold.</p

Up-regulation of different angiogenic factors in vitreous samples.

<p><b>A.</b> Total VEGF was significantly up-regulated in vitreous samples of DR patients (p = 0.002). B. VEGF-A was also significantly up-regulated in DR patients (p<0.001). <b>C.</b> Additionally, PGF was upregulated in DR samples compared to controls (p<0.001). Each symbol depicts an individual patient. The horizontal bar indicates the mean cytokine concentration per group. **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001.</p

Clinical patient data for both groups: Controls and diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients.

<p>Y = Year; M = male, F = female; OD = right eye; OS = left eye. DR stages are: 1 = mild to moderate NPDR, 2 = severe NPDR, and 3 = PDR.</p