Physical activity as a mediator of the impact of chronic conditions on quality of life in older adults-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Physical activity as a mediator of the impact of chronic conditions on quality of life in older adults"</p><p>http://www.hqlo.com/content/5/1/68</p><p>Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2007;5():68-68.</p><p>Published online 19 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2246116.</p><p></p

Physical activity as a mediator of the impact of chronic conditions on quality of life in older adults-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Physical activity as a mediator of the impact of chronic conditions on quality of life in older adults"</p><p>http://www.hqlo.com/content/5/1/68</p><p>Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2007;5():68-68.</p><p>Published online 19 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2246116.</p><p></p

Multiple linear regression model assessing the contribution of fat and lean mass composition to trial completion Stroop test performance.

*<p> = significance at p<0.05.</p><p>Δ in Sub-total fat mass = Baseline fat mass subtracted by Final fat mass; Δ in Sub-total lean mass = Final lean mass subtracted by Baseline lean mass.</p

Descriptive statistics for variables of interest.

<p>BAT = Balance and Tone; 1× RT = once-weekly resistance training; 2× RT = twice- weekly resistance training; BMI = weight in kilograms/height in square meters; Baseline Stroop and Trial completion Stroop performance = Stroop color words condition subtracted by Stroop coloured x's condition; Δ in Stroop = Stroop Baseline subtracted by Trial completion Stroop; Δ in Sub-total fat mass = Final fat mass subtracted by Baseline fat mass (a positive number represents an increase in fat mass and a negative number represents a decrease in fat mass); Δ in Sub-total lean mass = Final lean mass subtracted by Baseline lean mass (a positive number represents an increase in lean mass and a negative number represents a decrease in lean mass).</p

An Economic Evaluation of Resistance Training and Aerobic Training versus Balance and Toning Exercises in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

<div><p>Background</p><p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a critical window to intervene against dementia. Exercise training is a promising intervention strategy, but the efficiency (i.e., relationship of costs and consequences) of such types of training remains unknown. Thus, we estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of resistance training or aerobic training compared with balance and tone exercises in terms of changes in executive cognitive function among senior women with probable MCI.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Economic evaluation conducted concurrently with a six-month three arm randomized controlled trial including eighty-six community dwelling women aged 70 to 80 years living in Vancouver, Canada. Participants received twice-weekly resistance training (n = 28), twice weekly aerobic training (n = 30) or twice-weekly balance and tone (control group) classes (n = 28) for 6 months. The primary outcome measure of the Exercise for Cognition and Everyday Living (EXCEL) study assessed executive cognitive function, a test of selective attention and conflict resolution (i.e., Stroop Test). We collected healthcare resource utilization costs over six months.</p><p>Results</p><p>Based on the bootstrapped estimates from our base case analysis, we found that both the aerobic training and resistance training interventions were less costly than twice weekly balance and tone classes. Compared with the balance and tone group, the resistance-training group had significantly improved performance on the Stroop Test (<i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Resistance training and aerobic training result in health care cost saving and are more effective than balance and tone classes after only 6 months of intervention. Resistance training is a promising strategy to alter the trajectory of cognitive decline in seniors with MCI.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00958867" target="_blank">NCT00958867</a>.</p></div

Changes in global cognitive functioning.

<p>Solid squares (M2) and triagles (M4) represent point estimated group mean change from baseline; bars represent associated 95% confidance intervals. P value indicates significant differences between groups in estimated mean change from baseline. Abbreviations: M2, multiple-modality group; M4, multiple-modality, mind-motor group. 24-wk, intervention endpoint; 52-wk, study endpoint.</p

Differences between groups in the study outcomes.

<p>Differences between groups in the study outcomes.</p

Baseline characteristics of study participants by randomization group.

<p>Baseline characteristics of study participants by randomization group.</p

Flow of participants.

<p>Flow of participants in the 24-week randomized controlled trial with a 28-week no-contact follow-up. For the M4 group, data from 4 participants were missing at 24 weeks and, therefore, not included in analyses.</p

Square-stepping exercise.

<p>Illustration of the square-stepping exercise training protocol. The numbers indicate the order in which the steps are performed, the arrows indicate the sequence.</p