Compobond – composite or bond? Proprietary clinical observation of Vertise Flow material

Introduction. The development of modern dentistry and the introduction of new technologies have led to the creation of Vertise Flow, a self-adhering, light-curable, semi-liquid composite belonging to a new class of materials – "compobonds". Aim. The paper aims at an evaluation of functional characteristics as well as a clinical assessment of restorations made with the self-adhering, light-curable Vertise Flow composite immediately after placement. Material and methods. Sixty-seven restorations made of Vertise Flow (KerrHawe) were placed in 42 subjects of both sexes aged 16–70 years. The restorations were evaluated for functional characteristics such as ease-of-placement into the cavity, adaptation to the cavity walls, polishing properties and aesthetics, as well as the time to work with the material. Clinical evaluations of restorations immediately after placement were made using the four-category Ryge’s scale taking into account: surface structure, anatomic form and marginal adaptation. In addition, the patient's subjective feelings about the smoothness of the surface, aesthetics and the presence of any postoperative sensitivity to temperature changes were taken into account. Results. A very good rating of 100% was obtained in terms of aesthetics and polishing properties as well as working time with the material. In assessing the restorations using Ryge’s scale, it was found that immediately after placement, all of them were rated very well in the analyzed categories. Based on the subjective assessment of patients, it was found that the vast majority of restorations met the expectations in terms of aesthetics and smoothness – more than 95% receiving very good ratings. Conclusions. Working with the self-adhering, semi-liquid Vertise Flow composite produces a satisfactory aesthetic effect in the perception of the physician and the patient. The fast placement technique of the material significantly reduces the operating time. Preliminary clinical evaluations of the material are positive

Some aspects of titanium application in dental treatment

Titanium is a light grey metal found in such minerals as ilmenite, rutile and titanite. Nanoparticles are becoming more widely used in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and as food additives. The aim of this work was to highlight some aspects in applying titanium and its alloys in dental restorations. Both medical and dental implant surgeons despite of huge efforts in using biocompatible materials face some challenging issues on complications which might appear even when using as inert metals as titanium. These problems may develop due to the penetration of aluminium and vanadium ions, found in negligible quantities in the implant alloys, into the body tissues. Failures in placing titanium implant can be caused by galvanic or electrochemical corrosion in the oral cavity due to release of titanium ions into the neighbouring tissues. Other possible failures in implant placement may develop due to bacterial contamination, and the development of implant inflammatory reaction supported by presence of macrophages may lead to implant rejection and loss. Released titanium ions inhibit the growth of hydroxyapatites. During corroding process metal ions or corrosion products penetrate body tissues and enter the body cells. Their local activity is known as ’metallosis’. From the biological point of view this results in tissue damage. Another possible adverse effect that might be caused by metal implants and their corrosion is allergic reactions. Side effects are rare as physical and chemical properties of titanium, first and foremost, its biocompatibility, define it as s recommended material to use in oral surgery, endodontics, prosthetics and orthodontics.Титан представляет собой легкий металл серого цвета, который встречается в таких минералах, как ильменит, рутил и титанит. Наночастицы его используются в медицине, стоматологии, фармацевтике и в качестве пищевых добавок. Целью данной работы является ознакомление с некоторыми избранными аспектами применения титана в стоматологической практике на основе имеющейся литературы. Несмотря на огромное стремление использовать биологически совместимые материалы, и в медицинской, и в зубной имплантационной хирургии возникают нежелательные проблемы даже при использовании металлов, считающихся инертными, например, титана. Эти проблемы являются следствием проникновения в ткани организма ионов алюминия и ванадия, которые в незначительных количествах входят в состав имплантата. Неудачи при лечении с использованием титана могут происходить из-за гальванической или электрохимической коррозии в полости рта, т. е., высвобождения ионов титана в прилегающие ткани, что связано с их реакцией с биологическими жидкостями организма. Другие неудачи в имплантационной хирургии могут вызываться бактериями, причем присутствие макрофагов при воспалительной реакции на имплантат может вызвать отторжение имплантата. Высвобожденные ионы титана затормаживают увеличение гидроксилапатитов. В процессе коррозии ионы металла или продукты коррозии проникают в ткани организма, т. е., в межклеточные каналы или же проникают в клетки организма. Их местное воздействие было названо «металлозом». С биологической точки зрения это представляет собой результат повреждения ткани. Другая неблагоприятная реакция вызывается присутствием металлических имплантатов и их коррозией, что вызывает аллергические реакции. Побочные эффекты случаются редко благодаря физическим и химическим свойствам титана, что делает его биологически совместимым и рекомендуемым материалом для применения в хирургической стоматологии, эндодонтии, протезировании и ортодонтии.Титан - це легкий метал сірого кольору, який зустрічається в таких мінералах, як ільменіт, рутил і титаніт. Наночастки його використовуються в медицині, стоматології, фармацевтиці та в якості харчових добавок. Метою даної роботи є ознайомлення з деякими обраними аспектами застосування титану в стоматологічній практиці на основі наявної літератури. Незважаючи на величезне прагнення використовувати біологічно сумісні матеріали, і в медичній, і в зубній імплантаційній хірургії виникають небажані проблеми навіть при використанні металів, що вважаються інертними, наприклад, титану. Ці проблеми є наслідком проникнення в тканини організму іонів алюмінію і ванадію, які в незначних кількостях входять до складу імплантату. Невдачі при лікуванні з використанням титану можуть відбуватися через гальванічну або електрохімічну корозію в порожнині рота, тобто, вивільнення іонів титану в прилеглі тканини, що пов'язано з їх реакцією з біологічними рідинами організму. Інші невдачі в імплантаційній хірургії можуть викликатися бактеріями, причому присутність макрофагів при запальній реакції на імплантат може викликати відторгнення імплантату. Вивільнені іони титану загальмовують збільшення гідроксилапатиту. У процесі корозії іони металу або продукти корозії проникають в тканини організму, тобто, в міжклітинні канали або ж проникають в клітини організму. Їх місцевий вплив було названо «металозом». З біологічної точки зору це є результат ушкодження тканини. Інша несприятлива реакція викликається присутністю металевих імплантатів та їх корозією, що викликає алергічні реакції. Побічні ефекти трапляються рідко завдяки фізичним і хімічним властивостям титану, що робить його біологічно сумісним і рекомендованим матеріалом для застосування в хірургічній стоматології, ендодонтії, протезуванні та ортодонтії

Number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> in saliva versus the status of cigarette smoking, considering duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily

Introduction and objective A large number of colonies of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (LB) cariogenic bacteria in the saliva show a high risk of dental caries development. Cotinine is a biomarker of exposure to the tobacco smoke. The aim of the study was assessment of the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in the saliva of non-smokers and smokers considering the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked daily. The number of SM and LB was analysed in relation to the frequency of oral health check-ups. Material and Methods The investigated group comprised 124 people aged 20–54. 58 (46.8%) reported cigarette smoking; 66 (53.2%) reported they had never smoked cigarettes and had never attempted to smoke. Cotinine concentration in the saliva was assayed using the Cotinine test (Calbiotech), and the number of SM and LB with the use of the CRT bacteria test (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi2 and Mann-Whitney tests. Test values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results No essential correlation was stated between the number of SM and LB and the status of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of cigarette smoking. Smokers who reported having dental check-ups at least once a year significantly more frequently had a small number of LB stated in relation to people who had dental check-ups to control their oral health less frequently than once a year. Conclusions The number of SM and LB in saliva does not depend on the smoking status, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of smoking

Number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> in saliva versus the status of cigarette smoking, considering duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily

Introduction and objective A large number of colonies of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (LB) cariogenic bacteria in the saliva show a high risk of dental caries development. Cotinine is a biomarker of exposure to the tobacco smoke. The aim of the study was assessment of the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in the saliva of non-smokers and smokers considering the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked daily. The number of SM and LB was analysed in relation to the frequency of oral health check-ups. Material and Methods The investigated group comprised 124 people aged 20–54. 58 (46.8%) reported cigarette smoking; 66 (53.2%) reported they had never smoked cigarettes and had never attempted to smoke. Cotinine concentration in the saliva was assayed using the Cotinine test (Calbiotech), and the number of SM and LB with the use of the CRT bacteria test (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi2 and Mann-Whitney tests. Test values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results No essential correlation was stated between the number of SM and LB and the status of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of cigarette smoking. Smokers who reported having dental check-ups at least once a year significantly more frequently had a small number of LB stated in relation to people who had dental check-ups to control their oral health less frequently than once a year. Conclusions The number of SM and LB in saliva does not depend on the smoking status, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of smoking

The condition of oral mucosa in the elderly (over 65 years) of Lublin

Mucous membrane defense mechanisms are impaired with age, both immunologically and physically. This decreases oral mucosa regenerative capability and results in greater susceptibility to injuries and microbial and fungal colonization. Pathological changes of the mucous membrane should be diagnosed and treated early, as some may develop into cancerous changes. Therefore, regular dental check-ups are essential, especially in old age. The aim of the study was to assess the condition of the oral mucosa in seniors residing in either Lublin Nursing Homes (LNH) or in home care. The study was conducted among 240 people over the age of 65: 117 LNH residents and 123 seniors living independently. The assessment of oral mucosa was conducted via clinical examination so as to see evidence of pathological change. On the base of the performed examination, pathological changes of the oral mucosa were observed in 43.59% of all LNH residents and in 34.96% of all seniors living in home care (independently). In both groups, atrophic glossitis, candidiasis (in susp.) and stomatitis prothetica were most frequently noted. Hence, it can be said that the condition of the oral mucosa of the examined seniors from Lublin is unsatisfactory

Periodontal condition in patients of the specialist Outpatient Clinics at the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland

Introduction Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation which, if remains untreated, can lead to the loss of teeth and supporting structures. Evidence data support the relationship of periodontal disease with the development and course of diseases such as heart attack, stroke, hypertension, chronic renal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes. Objective The aim of the study was to conduct an assessment of periodontal status and periodontal needs in people from the rural environment who were patients of selected specialist outpatient clinics at the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland. Material and Methods The examined population included 450 patients. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, which is a measure of the assessment of the selected periodontal symptoms incidence, was used. The obtained data was discussed and analyzed with Chi-square test. Results The data obtained revealed that a healthy periodontium occurred only in 5.1% of respondents, tartar in 41.6%, pathological pockets of 3.5–5.5 mm in 23.6%, and pockets deeper than 5.5 mm in 5.8% of patients. Most people with healthy periodontium were in the youngest age group. In the analyzed group, 7.1% of patients required specialized comprehensive periodontal treatment, and only 6.5% of the examined persons did not show any need for periodontal treatment. Conclusions Patients of specialist clinics of the Institute of Rural Health who formed the analyzed group, had affected periodontium which required comprehensive periodontal treatment. The alarmingly high percentage of people over 55 years of age with advanced periodontopathy may translate into an increased risk of cause-and-effect incidence of systemic diseases

Assessment of bone sialoprotein in the saliva of women at peri- and postmenopausal age

Introduction and objective. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is present in a non-collagenous fraction of bone matrix, in dentine, cement and calcified cartilage. The characteristic place where sialoprotein is produced makes it highly specific in relation to the bone tissue and the possibility of using it as a marker of bone metabolism. The study aimed to assess the BSP level in the saliva of female patients at the menopausal and postmenopausal period. Materials and method. The study included 71 women aged 45–74 years. In the examined subjects, bone mineral density and bone sialoprotein levels in saliva were determined. Patients also responded to survey questions about place of residence and the frequency of consumption of foods rich in calcium. The obtained results were statistically analyzed. Results. In the study population of women, BSP saliva concentration ranged from 0.40–14.97 ng/ml. The highest BSP values were observed in the control group (average – 5.66 ng/ml, median – 6.73 ng/ml,), the lowest in the osteopenia group (average – 3.09 ng/ml, median – 1.71 ng/ml). This relationship was close to statistical significance (p = 0.056). Place of residence of the surveyed women had neither effect on BSP concentration in saliva nor on the value of the T-score ratio. Similarly, there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of consumption of foods rich in calcium and BSP and T-score. Conclusions. It was found that the BSP level can be determined in saliva. Biochemical tests of saliva considering bone metabolism are an issue that should be continued in future, as the availability of material (saliva) for laboratory analyses, carries potential diagnostic opportunities

Characteristics of oral probiotics – a review

Probiotics are a group of microorganisms able to have a positive influence on a host organism when applied in adequate amounts. They are grouped either as: bacteria (mainly Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium) or fungi (Saccharomyces boulardii). Recent studies have revealed many opportunities for their use in several fields of medicine, such as in: reducing the level of cholesterol in the body, cancer therapy, human immune system regulation, skin regeneration, pancreas necrosis, cirrhosis of liver treatment, regulation of post- antibiotic bowel function, constipation and digestive disorders in infants. Probiotics efficacy has also been demonstrated in oral cavity malfunctions. With the use of modern scientific methods, probiotics have the potential to become an important part of the daily diet and a natural drug supplementation in severe diseases

Prevalence of dental erosion among 18-year-old adolescents in the borderland districts of Lviv (Ukraine) and Lublin (Poland)

Introduction and objective Recent epidemiological studies have shown an association between dental erosion occurrence and changes in lifestyle and dietary habits in both developed and developing countries, and now affects different regions of the world. Furthermore, in current literature, studies have shown that the prevalence of erosive tooth wear has increased particularly among the younger population. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear among 18-year-old adolescents in the districts of Lviv (Ukraine) and Lublin (Poland). Material and Methods College students (254 subjects) aged 18, living in the Lviv and Lublin districts were examined. Erosive lesions presented in the teeth were assessed on the basis of the BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) index. Results Among the 137 patients living in the Lublin district, 70 were females and 67 were males, while in the Lviv district, 60 women and 57 men were examined. In both districts, the following numbers of rural patients were examined: 66 in Lublin district and 56 in Lviv district; for urban inhabitants, the numbers were 71 in Lublin and 61 in Lviv. Analysing the BEWE values, it was noted that higher BEWE values, and resulting from them significant differences were observed in both male and female groups living in Lublin, compared with Lviv inhabitants. Based on clinical examination and statistical analysis, the occurrence of lesions of an erosive character in at least one sextant were observed in 59.85% of patients from Lublin district, and in 42.74% of patients from Lviv district. Conclusions On the basis of the conducted study in the Polish and Ukrainian groups of 18-year-old adolescents living on the borderland, it can be stated that dental erosion is a problem noticeable in both groups of cohorts, but with higher prevalence in the Lublin district