The Effects of Trait Anxiety on Attentional Disengagement from the Threaten Word

不安障害における自動的処理を検討する研究において,注意バイアスが不安を維持し,また,不安障害を進行させることが指摘されている｡近年の研究では,高不安者は脅威刺激から注意を解放することに問題があることが明らかにされている｡そこで,本研究では情動空間的手がかりパラダイム(Fox, Russo, Bowels, & Dutton,2001)を用いて,脅威語からの注意の解放に特性不安の高低が及ぼす影響について検討した｡課題では,画面中央に手がかり刺激(ネガティブ語,ポジティブ語,ニュートラル語)が提示された後,刺激の周辺に提示されるターゲット刺激を判断することが要求された｡その結果,高不安者は低不安者よりも反応時間が全体的に長かった

Long lasting effects of auditory learning of random melodies : A preliminary research for educational application

近年、間接再認手続きを用いた研究において、無作為に作成されたメロディの潜在記憶が数ヶ月間保持されることが報告されている。本研究では大学生を対象に、集団実験によってこの現象の再現性を検討することに加えて、自らの成績に潜在記憶の影響が現れる実験を体験することによって、参加者の学習の意識が変化するか否かを検討した。その結果、メロディの潜在記憶が得られ、再現性が確認された。また、潜在記憶を体験することによって、わずかな学習に対する意識の変容が見られた。本研究の結果は、本研究手法によって、子どもの学習に対する意識が変容する可能性を示すものである。今後、学校現場で実践することが期待される

Comparative accuracy of cervical cancer screening strategies in healthy asymptomatic women:a systematic review and network meta-analysis

To compare all available accuracy data on screening strategies for identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥ 2 in healthy asymptomatic women, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to October 2020 for paired-design studies of cytology and testing for high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (hrHPV). The methods used included a duplicate assessment of eligibility, double extraction of quantitative data, validity assessment, random-effects network meta-analysis of test accuracy, and GRADE rating. Twenty-seven prospective studies (185,269 subjects) were included. The combination of cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grades) and hrHPV testing (excepting genotyping for HPV 16 or 18 [HPV16/18]) with the either-positive criterion (OR rule) was the most sensitive/least specific, whereas the same combination with the both-positive criterion (AND rule) was the most specific/least sensitive. Compared with standalone cytology, non-HPV16/18 hrHPV assays were more sensitive/less specific. Two algorithms proposed for primary cytological testing or primary hrHPV testing were ranked in the middle as more sensitive/less specific than standalone cytology and the AND rule combinations but more specific/less sensitive than standalone hrHPV testing and the OR rule combination. Further research is needed to assess these results in population-relevant outcomes at the program level

Long Term Evaluation of Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Either Alogliptin and Lansoprazole or Alogliptin Mono-therapy for 3 Months Followed by Alogliptin Mono-therapy:A Retrospective Analysis

Aims:This study was the retrospective analysis of the previous study named as APPLE study( study of combination effect of AlogliPtin and lansoPrazoLE on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes), in which the effect of the combination therapy of alogliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, DPP4-I) and lansoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor, PPI) was compared with alogliptin mono-therapy without PPI on glycemic control in a randomized open-label study design. The aim of this study was to investigate whether so called legacy effect of proton pump inhibitor on glycemic control is observed. Patients and Methods:In the patients that participated in the APPLE study( 3 months observation;total: 100 patients), the patients who continued the intake of alogliptin at least more than 1 year after the registration(enrollment)in APPLE study was evaluated on glycemic control retrospectively. As a rule, the administration of lansoprazole in combination group was discontinued after the finish of 3 months- of the APPLE study. Twenty-six patients in the alogliptin mono-therapy group and 26 patients in combination group met the requirement in this analysis. Mean observation periods were respectively 16 months. In these patients, the number of patients in whom all diabetic drugs were not changed in observation-period was respectively 18 in alogliptin mono-therapy group and 17 in combination group.Results:The decrease of HbA1c was maintained also after long term observation (16 months) in both alogliptin mono-therapy and combination groups (the decrease was respectively -1.054±0.548 and - 1.123±0.723%), which was similar compared with that observed in 3 months-APPLE study. There were no significant differences in change of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at the time in enrollment of APPLE study and at final visit( approximately 16 weeks) between these groups. The significant difference in change of HbA1c and FPG was not found also between alogliptin mono-therapy and combination group in the subgroup of patients where all diabetic drugs were unchanged during observation period.Conclusion:This study found that the legacy effect of PPI on glycemic control was not apparent more than 9 months after the APPLE study. Based on the results in the previous APPLE study and in this current retrospective study, we concluded that the add-on effect of PPI for DPP4-I on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes is not clinically apparent

The Effect of Switching from Either Mitiglinide or Glimepiride to Repaglinide on Both Glycemic Control and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Aims:The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of switching from either the low dose sulfonylurea glimepiride(1?mg once daily)or the glinide mitiglinide(10?mg three times daily)to repaglinide(0.5?mg three times daily)on both glycemic control and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.Patients and Methods:Finally 17 patients(patients treated with either glimepiride:n=11 or mitiglinide:n=6)completed the study. The type and dose of all drugs, including the anti-diabetic treatments, were not changed for at least 1?month prior to the study.Results:Both groups showed a significant decrease in HbA1c levels. FPG showed a tendency(not significant)toward a decrease in the mitiglinide-treated group, while no change was found in the glimepiride-treated group. A significant decrease in 8-iso-PGF2α levels was found only in the glimepiride-treated group. There was a significant correlation between the difference in 8-iso-PGF2α levels and that in either FPG or HbA1c before and after the switch only in the mitiglinide-treated group.Conclusions:Repaglinide may have an anti-oxidative effect probably due to the strong postprandial glucose lowering observed in patients with type 2 diabetes

サイニン メカニズム ニ ソンザイスル ヨクセイテキ プロセス

筑波大学博士 (心理学) 学位論文・平成6年3月25日授与 (甲第1180号