Feasibility of an Advanced Waste Heat Transportation System Using High-temperature Phase Change Material (PCM)

A waste-heat transportation (HT) system whose operation depends on the latent heat (LH) of high-temperature phase change material (PCM) is effective in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from industries. This paper describes 1) the use of the binary eutectic mixture NaOH/Na2CO3 as a PCM to realize the HT system, 2) the feasibility of HT system using this PCM from viewpoints of energy requirements, exergy loss, and CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the thermophysical properties of the PCM and its chemical stability with reference to the heat transfer medium of the HT system by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. We observed that NaOH/Na2CO3 had a LH of fusion of 252 kJ/kg and a melting point (MP) and a freezing point (FP) of 285±1°C that was suitable for the HT system. There were no significant changes in the chemical and physical properties after aging for 500 h during phase change when dibenzyltoluene was used as the heat transfer medium. On the contrary, in the system analysis, the operating data in the proposed system—as well as in a conventional heat supply system—were calculated based on heat and material balances. The results show it has only 9.5% of the energy requirements, 39.7% of the exergy loss, and 19.6% of the CO2 emissions of conventional systems that lack heat-recovery capabilities

Drug-Induced Liver Injury in a Patient with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer after the Self-Administration of Fenbendazole Based on Social Media Information

Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic agent, with a broad antiparasitic range in animals such as dogs and pigs. The agent is also reported to exert antitumor effects and inhibit microtubule-associated tubulin polymerization, but its safety and tolerability profile in humans remains unclear. An 80-year-old female patient with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was started on pembrolizumab monotherapy. The patient experienced severe liver injury 9 months later. An interview with her and her family revealed that she had been taking fenbendazole for a month, solely based on social media reports suggesting its effectiveness against cancer. After discontinuation of the self-administration of fenbendazole, the patient’s liver dysfunction spontaneously resolved. The antitumor inhibitory effects of fenbendazole have been reported; however, she did not experience tumor shrinkage. This is the first case report of a patient with advanced NSCLC who self-administered the anthelmintic, fenbendazole. Twitter and Facebook are online social media platforms which have been constructively used to exchange information among cancer patients. However, sources of medical information on these platforms are often unproven, and it is difficult for nonmedical professionals to accurately select and filter complex medical information. Physicians should enquire patients about self-administration of orally ingested products, including dietary supplements, herbs, or bioactive compounds, in cases of unexpected adverse reactions

Comparison of Hydrogen Isotope Retention in Divertor Tiles of JET with ITER-Like Wall Exposed during 2011- 2012 and 2015-2016 Campaigns

Evaluation of hydrogen isotopes retention in the plasma-facing components (PFC)l is required for the design of a future fusion reactor. To obtain a set of relevant data on the isotope retention and their surface state (and chemistry), the analysis of PFC from the JET tokamak with the ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) is both useful and important.In previous studies, the correlation of surface chemical states and hydrogen isotope retention in the divertor samples from the first ILW campaign (ILW-1, 2011-2012, 19 h plasma operation, total energy 150 GJ) was determined. It was found that the major D desorption peaks were found at 643 K and 803 K. For samples at the strike point region, the D desorption temperature was clearly shifted towards higher T, indicating the stabilization of D trapping by higher heat load. In this work, the studied tiles were exposed during the 3rd campaign (ILW-3) which comprised in total 23 h of plasma with the total energy input of 245 GJ. The hydrogen isotope retention and chemical states of divertor tiles were studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the major D desorption were located at 620 K and 800 K, which were consistent with the data for ILW-1. However, the total D retention was increased. The XPS analysis showed that major elements on the surface was Be with forming oxide state with co-existence of W. Carbon was found mainly on the outer divertor tiles. In the presentation, detailed XPS and TDS results will be shown and discuss the hydrogen isotope retention behavior in JET-ILW divertor tiles.12 th International Conference on Tritium Science & Technolog

Comparison of Hydrogen Isotope Retention in Divertor Tiles of JET with the ITER-Like Wall Following Campaigns in 2011–2012 and 2015–2016

Hydrogen isotope retention and chemical state for the tiles exposed to plasma in the JET–ITER-like wall (ILW) during two campaigns in 2011–2012 (first campaign, ILW-1) and 2015–2016 (third campaign, ILW-3) were studied and compared by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. In both campaigns the upper part of the inner divertor tiles was the deposition-dominated area, while erosion was observed on the outer divertor tiles. Therefore, higher deuterium retention was found on the inner divertor tiles. The major D desorption peak for the inner divertor tiles from ILW-3 was located at the temperature range of 470°C to 520°C, which was higher than measured after ILW-1: 370°C to 430°C. The XPS analyses showed the formation of a BeO layer on the ILW-3 inner divertor tiles, while after ILW-1 the layers also contained a significant amount of carbon. Deuterium retention was reduced toward the outer divertor tiles. The differences could be related to the difference in the power level in the two campaigns

Micro-/nano-characterization of the surface structures on the divertor tiles from JET ITER-like wall

Micro-/nano-characterization of the surface structures on the divertor tiles used in the first campaign(2011–2012) of the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall (JET ILW) were studied. The analyzed tiles werea single poloidal section of the tile numbers of 1, 3 and 4, i.e., upper, vertical and horizontal targets,respectively. A sample from the apron of Tile 1 was deposition-dominated. Stratified mixed-materiallayers composed of Be, W, Ni, O and C were deposited on the original W-coating. Their total thicknesswas ∼1.5 m. By means of transmission electron microscopy, nano-size bubble-like structures with asize of more than 100 nm were identified in that layer. They could be related to deuterium retention inthe layer dominated by Be. The surface microstructure of the sample from Tile 4 also showed deposition:a stratified mixed-material layer with the total thickness of 200–300 nm. The electron diffraction patternobtained with transmission electron microscope indicated Be was included in the layer. No bubble-likestructures have been identified. The surface of Tile 3, originally coated by Mo, was identified as the erosionzone. This is consistent with the fact that the strike point was often located on that tile during the plasmaoperation. The study revealed the micro- and nano-scale modification of the inner tile surface of the JETILW. In particular, a complex mixed-material deposition layer could affect hydrogen isotope retentionand dust formation